GI reptiles fish and amphibians

Question 1

Describe the reptile mouth oral cavity

Answer 1

Mucous glands:
- lubricate prey, help swallowing
Salivary glands:
- scatters in submucosa
- lubrication
Venom glands:
- immobilise prey

Question 2

Describe the snake tongue

Answer 2

in sheath under epiglottis/glottis
forked
heavily keratinised
for olfaction
chemical scents => Jacobson’s organ

Question 3

Describe the Jacobson’s organ

Answer 3

accessory olfactory organ
roof of oral cavity
vomeronasal nerve

Question 4

What types of teeth are found in squamates?

Answer 4

acrodont - not replaced in lost
Pleurodont - shed and replaced

Question 5

Describe snake teeth

Answer 5

2 maxillary rows
1 mandibular rows
point backwards

Question 6

Describe chelonian teeth

Answer 6

no teeth
sharp, keratinised beak

Question 7

Describe the cranial kinesis of squamates

Answer 7

Can move upper and lower jaws relative to cranium
Quadrate bone - loose articulation with lower jaw (pushes upper jaw upward when lower jaw is opened

Question 8

Describe the snake skull

Answer 8

No mandibular symphysis

Question 9

Describe the reptile oesophagus

Answer 9

thin
fragile
highly distensible

Question 10

Describe the intestines in reptiles

Answer 10

Snake - relatively straight
Lizards, chelonians - can be convoluted

Question 11

Describe the LI of herbivorous chelonians

Answer 11

heavily convoluted with partitions to increase time for microbial fermentation
Caecum has high optimal temp (basking essential)

Question 12

What is the triad in snakes?

Answer 12

spleen, pancreas and gall bladder are close together
get splenopancreas in some

Question 13

Describe the GI microflora of herbivorous reptiles

Answer 13

aerobic
anaerobic
gram -ve
gram +ve
yeast
protozoa

Question 14

Describe fat storage in reptiles

Answer 14

little subcut fat
fat bodies (often in caudal coelom)
base of tail in lizards

Question 15

Describe the sensory methods of food detection in reptiles

Answer 15

Visual
Chemosensory:
- olfaction
- vomerolfaction (Jacobson’s organ)
- gustation
Thermal:
- heat pits detect temp of prey

Question 16

What animals are found in the order caudata?

Answer 16

newt
salamander
siren

Question 17

What animals are found in the order anura?

Answer 17

toads
frogs

Question 18

describe animals that are found in the order gymnophiona?

Answer 18

legless
look like worms or snakes
burrowers
from tropical areas

Question 19

Describe the diet of amphibians

Answer 19

larval form are herbivorous
adults are carnivores - often invertebrates

Question 20

Describe the tongue of frogs and salamanders

Answer 20

long, muscular, sticky end

Question 21

Describe amphibian teeth

Answer 21

crowns curve towards pharynx to hold prey in
shed and replace teeth throughout life

Question 22

Describe amphibian GI anatomy

Answer 22

Short, simple GIT
SI - enzymatic digestion (villi for absorption)
LI - water and salt absorption
Cloaca

Question 23

Describe the digestive glands found in amphibians

Answer 23

Buccal cavity (mouth):
- mucous glands (lubrication)
- salivary glands (lubrication)
- intermaxillary gland (sticky compound on tongue)

Question 24

Describe unique features of fish digestive anatomy

Answer 24

immobile tongue
no salivary glands
pharyngeal teeth in some species to grind food
gill rakers - retain food and protect gills
Diffuse pancreas (not single organ)
Swim bladder

Question 25

Describe the swim bladder

Answer 25

Outgrowth of oesophagus
Used for hydrostatic equilibrium (buoyancy)
Physostomes:
- maintains connection with oesophagus
- gulp airs to fill bladder
Physoclistous:
- use capillary network as source of gases
- not connected to oesophagus

Question 26

Say aaaaahhhh

Answer 26

good boy

Question 27

Answer 27

hmmmm juicy booty