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Jorge GIL > Anatomy of LI in exotics > Flashcards

Anatomy of LI in exotics Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the proximal colon in rabbits?

A

separates ingesta based on particle size

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2
Q

What are the 2 types of faecal pellets produced by rabbits and how are they produced?

A

Large particles: indigestible fibre => down colon, eliminated quickly => HARD DRY PELLETS
Smaller particles, fluids: retrograde peristalsis => caecum, microbial fermentation => CAECOTROPHS

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3
Q

where in the rabbit GIT is there a high conc of GALT?

A

sacculus rotundus (caecal tonsil)
Appendix

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4
Q

what is the ampulla caecalis coli in rabbits?

A

T junction between ileum, caecum and proximal colon
Separates particles based on size

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5
Q

What is the function of the appendix in rabbits?

A

GALT
bicarbonate ions buffer VFAs from microbial fermentation

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6
Q

Describe the anatomy of the proximal colon in rabbits

A

Haustra/sacculations - increases SA
Warzen - protrusion on the mucosal surface
Taeniae
Fuses coli (base of proximal colon)

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7
Q

What is the function of warzen in the rabbit proximal colon

A

increases SA for absorption

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8
Q

What is the function of haustra in rabbit proximal colon?

A

small particles that leak into proximal colon can settle and then be pushed back into caecum

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9
Q

What is the difference in anatomy between the cranial and caudal sections of the rabbit proximal colon?

A
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10
Q

What is the function of the fusus coli of the rabbit proximal colon?

A

innervated
muscular
goblet cells - produces mucous

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11
Q

Label rabbit GIT

A
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12
Q

Describe the conditions in the rabbit caecum

A

Fine balance of bacteria, protozoa and yeasts
changes based on: time of day, age, diet, pH
Fermentation produces ammonia, VFAs, amino acids, water-soluble vitamins
Buffered by bicarbonate ions (from appendix) and dietary fibre

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13
Q

Describe the hard faeces phase of hindgut motility in rabbits

A

During feeding
small particles -> haustra -> caecum
Water -> proximal colon
Caecal contractility greatest
Fuses coli squeezes out water
Distal colon reabsorbs water, K, Na, VFAs
Dry indigestible matter expelled - HARD FAECAL PELLETS

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14
Q

Describe the soft faeces phase of hindgut motility in rabbits

A

Occurs at rest
Caecotrophs produced
decreased motility of caecum and proximal colon
increased motility of distal colon
Caecal material -> large colon
Fusus coli forms pellets, adds mucous (makes nicer to eat)
Rapid excretion of caecotrophs

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15
Q

Describe the contents of rabbit caecotrophs

A

Soft paste: protein, AAs, vitamins, minerals
Mucous, encapsulates pellets
Lysozyme

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16
Q

What is the function of lysozyme in rabbit caecotrophs

A

Digests bacterial cell walls allowing rabbit to access the protein in bacteria

17
Q

What is the function of the fusus coli in rabbits?

A

Pacemaker:
- initiates peristaltic waves in colon
- highly innervated
- hormonal influence (aldosterone and prostaglandins)

18
Q

What is the effect of fibre, fat, protein and carbs to motility and caecotrophy in rabbits

A

Fibre:
- good
- stimulates hindgut motility, buffer for VFAs
- increased caecotrophs
Fat:
- good
- increase motility
- energy source
Protein:
- bad
- decreased caecotrophs
Carbohydrate:
- bad
- glucose -> excess VFAs
- enterotoxaemia

19
Q

What is the dental formulae of guinea pigs and chinchillas?

A
20
Q

Describe guinea pig and chinchilla dentition

A

Open rooted teeth, grow throughout life

21
Q

Describe guinea pig GIT?

A

long caecum
cannot make vitamin C - dietary source essential - leafy greens, Vit C tablets/syrup
produce caecotrophs

22
Q

Describe the palatal ostium in guinea pigs and chinchillas

A

Soft palate continuous with tongue
Membranous covering posterior pharynx
Palatal ostium = hole in membrane
Careful during intubation

23
Q

Describe chinchilla GIT

A

long GIT:
- large coiled caecum
- colon highly sacculated
Produce caecotrophs

24
Q

What is the dental formulae of small rodents

A
25
Q

Describe small rodent dentition

A

Only incisors open-rooted, lower incisors longer

26
Q

Describe small rodent digestion

A

hindgut- fermenting monogastric herbivores
Produce caecotrophs

27
Q

Describe the unique anatomy of hamster stomachs

A

Pre-gastric pouch for pre-gastric fermentation (high pH)

28
Q

Describe the GIT of ferrets

A

simple stomach
short SI - poor nutrient absorption
no caecum or appendix
simple GI flora
rapid transmit time

29
Q

Describe ferret diet

A

obligate carnivores
high quality, highly digestible, well balanced, meat based diet
Main energy source = fat
NEVER CARBS - prone to insulinoma => hypoglycaemia

30
Q

Who is your best friend

A

Bernie obviously

Jorge GIL (99 decks)

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