Gastrointestinal motility Flashcards
Describe the hormones that regulate appetite
Leptin - produced by fat cells - signals to brain when there is sufficient energy stores - suppresses appetite
Ghrelin - secreted by stomach - stimulate hunger
How can diet affect appetite?
Protein-rich diets promote satiety (fullness)
How does metabolic rate affect appetite?
high metabolic rate creates a stronger drive to eat due to increased energy requirements
What environmental factors can affecte appetite?
Taste and smell of food
Social facts - availability of food, feeding in groups, presence of dominant individual
Health
Feeding schedules - leads to anticipation of food
Age - younger animals have higher energy requirement for growth
Time of year - temp and season can affect metabolic rate
Describe the effects of sympathetic stimulation on the GIT
Describe the effects of parasympathetic stimulation of the GIT
Describe the layout of the SNS in the abdomen and pelvis
Describe the layout of the PNS in the abdomen and pelvis
Identify the positions of the autonomic plexuses in the abdomen and pelvis
Describe the distribution of the enteric nervous system
What is the function of the enteric nervous system?
Describe the extrinsic autonomic innervations and intrinsic enteric innervations of the GIT
Describe the relationship between extrinsic autonomic inntervations and intrinsic enteric innervations of the GIT
What is the importance of electrical coupling in the GIT
Describe the anatomical characteristics of the GIT smooth muscle
Unstriated
Spindle-shaped cells - allows for close packing and efficient force generation
2 layers (longitudinal and circular) for multidirectional contractions
Gap junctions between cells allow electrical coupling
No tendons - integrated into walls of digestive organs
Cytoplasm contains dense bodies - anchor the actin and intermediate filaments to maintain cell structure