Body wall and peritoneum

Question 1

What is a laparotomy?

Answer 1

surgical incision into abdominal cavity - flank

Question 2

What is a laparoscopy?

Answer 2

fibre-optic instrument inserted through abdominal walls to view abdominal organs

Question 3

What is coeliotomy?

Answer 3

surgical incision into abdominal cavity - midline

Question 4

what is the paralumber fossa?

Answer 4

hollow area of the flank

Question 5

what is the aponeurosis?

Answer 5

thin sheath of connective tissue that helps connect muscle to bone

Question 6

What is the linea alba?

Answer 6

seam along ventral midline that extends from xiphoid process to the symphysis pelvis

Question 7

What are the layers of the peritoneum?

Answer 7

parietal peritoneum
visceral peritoneum - lines abdominal organs
mesenteric peritoneum - forms mesentery

Question 8

What are the 3 openings of the diaphragm?

Answer 8

aortic hiatus
oesophageal hiatus
caval opening

Question 9

What muscles are found on the lateral abdominal wall and what direction do the fibres run?

Answer 9

Question 10

What is the function of the muscles of the abdominal wall

Answer 10

abdominal press and expiration
compression of abdominal viscera

Question 11

Describe the anatomy and function of the peritoneum

Answer 11

Serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity
Sac between different section = peritoneal cavity - contain peritoneal fluid
Peritoneum can excrete and resorb fluid and resorb gas

Question 12

Label the layers of the abdominal wall

Answer 12

Question 13

Describe the anatomy of the rectus sheath

Answer 13

Found on ventral abdomen
Tendinous sheath that encloses the rectus abdominis muscle
formed by aponeuroses of other abdominal muscles

Question 14

What is the name and function of the extra ligament found in the equine hip?

Answer 14

Ligamentum teres
Prevents excessive adduction and extension

Question 15

Describe the anatomy of the linea alba

Answer 15

fibrous tissue
aponeurotic joining of L and R abdominal oblique and transversus muscles
From ziphoid process to pubis
includes umbilicus

Question 16

what is the best location for abdominal incisions?

Answer 16

strongest point for abdominal incisions (also avoids vasculature and nerves)

Question 18

What nerves innervate the abdominal wall?

Answer 18

ventral branches of thoracic and lumbar nerves (T13, L1, L2)

Question 19

Where is the paravertebral nerve block given?

Answer 19

proximally (dorsal aspects of T13, L1 and L2)
or dorsally (ventral to lateral tips of L1, 2 and 4)

Question 20

Describe the vasculature to the abdominal wall

Answer 20

Cranial region: internal thoracic artery and cranial epigastric artery
Diaphragm: phrenicoabdominal artery
Caudal region: caudal epigastric artery and external pudendal artery