Gender Representation In The Media Flashcards
What did tuchman say
Tuchman used the term symbolic annihilation to describe the way in which womens achievements are often not reported or are condemned or trivialised by the mass media. Often their achievements are presented as less important than their looks and sex appeal
Though gerbner first developed the term
What are examples of symbolic annihalation
Women hardly in the news
Sexualisation of women’s sport
Women and videogames
What did AKAS find
AKAS found that although women make up half of the population , they comprise of 39% of journalists and just 26% of journalism leadership globally,
In relation to symbolic annihalation what is wrong with coverga EOF women’s sport
Research into the representations of female athletes has found that there is some evidence of the make gaze
Girl guides found a third of girls aged 7 to 21 are turned off by the way the media shows women athletes, including focus on how they look instead of their talents
In relation to symbolic annihalation what is wrong with women and video games
Girl guides found that 81 percent of girls and young women aged between 7 and 21 play games online. A third of his and young women aged 11 to 21 think gaming companies shouldn’t make games that are sexist or use gender stereotypes
What does connell say
Connels considers gender identities are in part constructed by the media reproducing hedgemonic feminity and hedgemonic masculinity. This refers to the norm and society’s expectations of what characteristics represent a typical male or a typical female
What is retributive masculinity and who speaks on it
Collier speaks on it and he notes that men’s magazines usually contradict themselves in their view on masculinity. He notes they define success by work and salary. He suggests that they are symbolic of retributive masculinity-an attempt to reassert traditional masculine authority by celebrating make somcerns in their content,as a byproduct of promoting masculinity, becoming mysoginist
What does MC Robbie say
Mcrobbie suggests that in a post modern society there is much more flexibility on the representation of men and women in the media and that there is now a growing expectation that women and men should be treated equally
What does gauntlett say
Gauntlet sees the media as presenting a wider range of gender identities beyond traditional gender stereotypes
What does mort say
Mort argues that a rise in consumption of designer labels and beauty products for men reflect this change in attitudes and refers to this as the metrosexual man
roger harrocks
In 1994, the psychotherapist Roger Horrocks was one of the first to talk of a “crisis” for men in Western cultures. In many of his male patients he observed insecurity and self-destructive behaviour, as they could not live up to the ideals of masculinity that patriarchal society expected of them.
work and family representation of women
Although women are often portrayed as
house
housewives or in marginal roles, when they are shown as workers, it is also as conflicted mothers trying to juggle their
work
career with family life.
e.g. erin brokovich
Who found that women’s sport is marginalised in the media and overly sexualised?
newbold
Orbach
Orbach (1991) has expressed concerns over the representation of women in the media as it may produce a generation of women with eating disorders.
Ferguson
1) Ferguson (1983) conducted content analysis between 1949 & 1974.She notes that these promoted a cult of femininity which promotes traditional ideals - caring, family marriage appearance etc.
