Education Flashcards
What view is functionalism based off
Functionalism is based on the view that society is a system of interdependent parts held together by a shared culture or VALUE CONSENSUS. Durkheim called this value consensus the COLLECTIVE CONSCIOUS. It represents the agreement amongst society’s members about what values are important. Each part of society has a family, an economy or education system performs functions that help to maintain society as a whole
What is the education system in the eyes of durkheim
It is a bother vital organ in his organic analogy model. Without education society would cease to function
What does Durkheim believe the education System created
Social solidarity by socialising children into the norms and values of society (teaching them the value consensusi
How does school create social solidarity by
Children must learn self restraint instead of following their own impulses children must fit in with patterns of behaviour by others and accept discipline imposed by the school
How do schools teach specialist skills
Schools also prepare pupils for life in wider society. For example both in school and at work we have to cooperate with people, we have to interact in different ways and allow rules.
School now also teach a wider range of qualifications such as NVQs and vocational qualifications e.g. (T levels) that have both written and practical elements, as well as work experience opportunities.
What are two criticisms of durkheim
Marxists would criticise this concept as they believe that education is there to uphold captialism by allowing the bourgeoisie to succeed and keeping the workers poorly educated and in low paid jobs
It has been suggested that Durkheim’s theory is no longer relevant in our multi cultural society l. His theory of education promoting social solidarity doesn’t highlight how faith in schools teaches the values of a specific religion rather than the values of a whole society
What are the four ways in which the education system make solidarity
Cooperative school projects in the classroom
School plays
school camps
Interschool sports
What do Davis and Moore believe
That education is: “proving ground for ability and hence the selective agency for placing people in different statuses according to according to their capabilities”
What do Davis and moor believe must happen for society to operate
All roles must be filled and they need to be filled by the most able
what is sifting and sorting and differential awards
society needs to offer incentives to hose best able to fill positions that require making a sacrifice, society the n offers differential rewards, on which the hardest or skill level determines pay
what does parsons believe in
school is a key socialising agency in society.
school acts as a bridge between family and wider society
we need this bridge in place because families and society operate on different sets of principles and to cope in wider society children need to learn how to manage in the wider world
who believes in the different standards
parson
what are all the key terms for Marxist ideology on education
false class consciousness, cultural capital, correspondence principle, capitalism, external rewards, hegemony, superstructure, ideological state apparatus, acceptance of hierarchy, subservient workforce, hidden curriculum
what are all the keywords for functionalism in education
social solidarity, particularistic, universalistic, meritocratic, consensus, hidden curriculum, division of labour, achieved, ascribed, collective conscience
what are the two different standards parson believes in
particularistic standards and universal standards
what is social solidarity
a social and collective experience and togetherness, e.g. from the national curriculum
what is meritocratic
the belief that things are equal due to the higher the achievement the higher the reward, though Marxists disagree
what is hidden curriculum
the unwritten rules, values and normative patterns of behaviour which students are expected to conform to and learn while in school.
what is cultural capital
the cultural advantage that middle class students have e.g. visiting museums and landmarks
what is correspondence principal
the fact that students are taught to do things that are expected in the workplace, e.g. have a dress code, expected to complete mundane tasks
what is ideological state apparatus
institutions that spread bourgeois ideology and ensure that the proletariat is in a state of false class consciousness.
what is external motivation
to be motivated by e.g. students are motivated by grades and qualification
what is ascribed
the social status of a person that is assigned at birth or assumed involuntarily later in life
what is collective conscience
the totality of beliefs and sentiments common to average citizens of the same society
what is consensus
a social theory that holds a particular political or economic system as a fair system, and that social change should take place within the social institutions provided by it
what is super structure
the superstructure is determined by the base. The means of production are controlled by the ruling class, so the interests of the ruling class are inevitably linked with the superstructure and its ideology.
what does bordieu believe in
cultural capital
what case study can be used
paul willis, 19270’s the lads
Althusser
IDA
ODA
Althusser
Bowles and gintis
Correspondamce principle
Correspondance principle
Bowles and gintis
Cultural capital
Bordieu
Bordieu
Cultural capital
Howard becker
Teacher gets smart students to answer hard questions
Labelling theory
Howard becker
what is the functionalist/new right perspective
reforms are responding to structural changes
standards will be improved
greater choice for parents
what is the marxist perspective
reproduction of class inequalities (bordieu)
reforms will always advantage middle class children the most
what is the feminist perspective
policy reforms will impact on the achievement of girls the most e.g. the removal of coursework.
what is the core study
oaul willis, 1977, learning to labour (the lads)
what are the details of the lads study
Willis’s study is an example of ETHNOGRAPHY
It was set in a comprehensive school in the 1970s
willis’s chosen methods were interviews, observations and participant observation
He studied a group of boys known as the lads
What were the findings of the lads study by paul willis
lads believed themselves to be superior to teachers and other pupils
They had no interest in gaining academic qualifications
They did as little work as possible and passed the time with bad behaviour
They were unhappy at being treated like children, and felt they belionged in the adult world
They formed a COUNTER SCHOOL CULTURE. This was racist, sexist and valued WORKING CLASS MASCULINITY- toughness and aggression
They valued manual labour over academic ability- PEN PUSHING- and sai dthat this was for “EAR ‘OLES”
what was the follow up of the paul willis lads study
Willis followed the lads to their first jobs, most of which were in factories
he found tha what he called SHOP FLOOR CULTURE- this was racist, sexist and had little respect for authority. He vbelived this to stem from the COUNTER SCHOOL CULTURE
the workers did as little as possible and passed the time with more bad behaviour
what were willis’s conclusions for the lads study
the lads saw through capitalism- they realised that as working class boys they have little hope of progressing, even through hard work. This frustrated them and led to the counter school culture
However, these actions worsened their position in society due to lack of success and being forced into menial work where they were exploited by the ruling class
palmer
bernstein
sugarman
mac an ghaill
bordieu
material depravation
language
fatalism
collectivism
cultural/social capital
