Cultural Explanations For Poverty Flashcards
Ethnicity wise why would an ethnic minority have low pay
This may be a large factor in Bangladeshi and Pakistani households kids where only the male works and women do not. This could be due to the practice of purdah,women are kept seperately from men
Ethnicity wise what has low pay got to do with ethnic minorities
This is higher amongst Bangladeshis ,Pakistanis,black Africans and black carribeans
How are family types linked with poverty
Pakistanis and Bangladeshis tend to have large families and combined with low pay this increases chances of being in poverty and in addition traditionally only men work
what did Modood say
there are more lone parents in black African and black carribean families
How is ethnicity linked with underachievement in education
Pakistanis, Bangladeshis and carribean boys are more likely to underachieve at school this could be due to an ethnocentric curriculum
what did Ball define
what an ethnocentric curriculum is
How is racism in jobs linked to poverty
This means that some cannot get jobs due to their background
Who was it who did research into racism into employment and what did they do
Wood, and he sent out two applications with ye same qualifications yet different surnames,Patel and Evans and Evans got multiple more invitations to interviews
What age group is least at risk of poverty
Older people,pensioners are much less likely to live in poverty than those of working age and children
What did Hirsch point out
Poverty causes material and social hardships,this affects the educational achievement and has lasting effects on their physical and emotional health and leaves them at greater risk of poverty than adults
What are the wider social problems child poverty can cause
Crime and bullying as they can afford the same equipment as their peers
What are the factors Hirsch argues lead to a greater risk into the UK
Lone parenthood
Lack of work or low paid parents
Disability of parents
Lack of benefits
Lack of child supports for those who want to work but have children the cost of childcare
What did Palmer show
The poverty rate for disabled adults is double that of non disabled adults. Around 33% of disabled adults are living in poverty.
What fraction of adults looking after children are single
2/5
What does Palmer argues happens that leads to social exclusion
A lack of day to day company and support
What does Palmer suggest the main reasons are why people with a work limiting disability are at greater risk of poverty
Inability to undertake paid employment
Unemployment
Low pay
Discrimination from employers
Inadequate welfare benefits
How is disabilities linked to inability to undertake paid employement
Some people with disabilities have physical or mental impairements that make it difficult for them to work.this means they are welfare independent
How is unemployment linked to diability
Those with disabilities are 4 time more likely to be out of work than the non-disabled with similar qualifications
How is disability linked with low pay
Those with disabilities that are in work are more likely to be in a lower paid position-this also impacts on future pensions
How is disability linked with discrimination from employers
There is discrimination against those with disabilities in the labour market.palmer argues that at employers overtly discriminate against the disabled despite it being illegal
How are inadequate welfare benefits and disabilities linked
Benefits are not enough to keep those with disabilities out of poverty- their benefits have not increased at the same rate as benefits for children and the elderly
How is gender and poverty linked
Women are overall no more likely than men to experience poverty.however single female pensioners are more at poverty than single male pensioners
Women from ethnic backgrounds
Are paid less than men from the same ethnic background usually
What is the reason for women of an ethnic background being paid less than their male counter parts
This could eh due to the glass ceiling,the invisible barrier that prevents women getting paid higher paid jobs.
What is the poverty rates with Pakistani and Bangladeshi women
50%
What are all the factors of women more likely to be in poverty
Women are more likely to be in part time or low paid jobs
Women are the majority of home workers
Women’s re more likely to be lone parents
Women live longer than men
Women are more likely to sacrifice their own standard of living to provide
How is women working low paid or part time jobs linked to poverty
Therefore they actually miss out on work related welfare benefits such as tax credits and they usually have to combine working and taking care if children this is called the dual burden
Who named the dual burden
Ferri and Smith
How is women being the majority of hoenworkers linked to poverty
This means they usually do jobs from home that for around the children such as body shop or Scentsy consultancy where they only get paid on what they sell
How is women being lonee parents linked to oiverty
They have the dual burden with caring for children and working
How is women living longer than men linked to poverty
Women live longer than men-due to a lack of pensions they may experience more poverty in old age
How is women being more likely to sacrifice their own standard of living linked to poverty
Middleston found in many low income homes it is mother’s who bear the burden of making ends meet and who sacrifice going without food,new clothes and holidays to provide for their children
What did moddod say
There are more lone parents in black carribean and black African and South Asian families
What social group isbpalmer linked with
Disability
What social group is wood linked with
Ethnicity
What social group is Hirsch linked with
Disabled
What group is Ferri and Smith linked with
Gender
