Final Exam: Vaccines

Question 1

The single most common application of immunology to clinical vet. practice

Answer 1

Vaccination

Question 2

Involves the administration of preformed antibodies to provide immediate immunological protection

Answer 2

Passive immunization

Question 3

In passive immunization, where are immunoglobulins harvested from

Answer 3

serum

Question 4

in order to avoid immunogenicity from Ab they are cleave to ____

Answer 4

Fab2

Question 5

Example of passive immunization in cattle:

Answer 5

anthrax

Question 6

Example of passive immunization in dogs:

Answer 6

canine distemper

Question 7

The most common form of immunization where an Ag is administered to animal to induce an IR

Answer 7

Active immunization

Question 8

What are the 9 properties of ideal vaccine?

Answer 8

1. inexpensive
2. consisten formula
3. stable
4. long shelf life
5. produce appropriate IR
6. Range of immunodominant epitopes (b or t Cells)
7. Long lived IR
8. Ability to induce Immunologic memory
9. no adverse side effects

Question 9

What are the 3 types of vaccines

Answer 9

1. Infectious vaccine
2. non infective vaccine
3. vaccines other than infectious diseases

Question 10

what are some examples of infectious vaccines

Answer 10

1. live virulent vaccines
2. live attenuated vaccines
3. heterologous vaccines
4. recombinant organisms
5. marker vaccines

Question 11

What are some examples of non infectious vaccines

Answer 11

1. killed vaccines
2. subunit vaccines
3. naked DNA vaccines

Question 12

What are some vaccines other than infectious disease

Answer 12

1. allergic vaccines
2. autoimmune vaccines
3. neoplastic vaccines

Question 13

vaccines incorporating the live and virulent form of an infectious agent.

Answer 13

live virulent vaccines

Question 14

most common form of vaccine used in vet med.

Answer 14

live attenuated vaccine

Question 15

type of vaccine that induce low level infections and replicating withing the animal

Answer 15

live attenuated vaccine

Question 16

What are 3 negatives of using live attenuated vaccines

Answer 16

1. reversion to virulence
2. vaccine contamination
3. less stable than killed

Question 17

type of vaccine that incorporates an organism antigenically related to the target infectious agent but adapted to another host species

Answer 17

heterologous vaccine

Question 18

What is the measles vaccine used for in puppies?

Answer 18

to protect against distemper

Question 19

type of vaccine that permits discrimination between a vaccine and natural exposure IR

Answer 19

marker vaccine

Question 20

type of vaccine containing killed whole organisms

Answer 20

non infectious vaccines

Question 21

why is adjuvant adde d to killed vaccines

Answer 21

more likely to induce Th2 response

Question 22

vaccines that do not contain an entire intact organism but contains specific immunogenic protein or metabolites

Answer 22

subunit vaccines

Question 23

vaccine that contains a plasmid containing the gene of interest

Answer 23

naked DNA vaccine

Question 24

type of vaccine that stimulates high levels of local immunity in site of inoculation, used to protect against respiratory pathogens

Answer 24

mucosal vaccines

Question 25

What are the 3 types of adjuvents?

Answer 25

1. Depot adjuvents
2. Particulate adjuvents
3. immunostimulatory adjuvents

Question 26

What is the benefit of depot adjuvents

Answer 26

slow removal of antigen leading to porlonged IR

Question 27

what is the benefit of particulate adjuvents

Answer 27

Enhanced antigen presentation leading to enchanced cell mediated immunith and enhanced antibody production

Question 28

What is the benefit of immunostimulatory adjuvents

Answer 28

stiulate TLRs leading to enhanced cell mediated immunity and enhanced Ab production

Question 29

What are the 3 types of vaccine reactions

Answer 29

1. Errors
2. normal toxicity
3. inappropriate responses