Final Exam: Vaccines Flashcards
The single most common application of immunology to clinical vet. practice
Vaccination
Involves the administration of preformed antibodies to provide immediate immunological protection
Passive immunization
In passive immunization, where are immunoglobulins harvested from
serum
in order to avoid immunogenicity from Ab they are cleave to ____
Fab2
Example of passive immunization in cattle:
anthrax
Example of passive immunization in dogs:
canine distemper
The most common form of immunization where an Ag is administered to animal to induce an IR
Active immunization
What are the 9 properties of ideal vaccine?
- inexpensive
- consisten formula
- stable
- long shelf life
- produce appropriate IR
- Range of immunodominant epitopes (b or t Cells)
- Long lived IR
- Ability to induce Immunologic memory
- no adverse side effects
What are the 3 types of vaccines
- Infectious vaccine
- non infective vaccine
- vaccines other than infectious diseases
what are some examples of infectious vaccines
- live virulent vaccines
- live attenuated vaccines
- heterologous vaccines
- recombinant organisms
- marker vaccines
What are some examples of non infectious vaccines
- killed vaccines
- subunit vaccines
- naked DNA vaccines
What are some vaccines other than infectious disease
- allergic vaccines
- autoimmune vaccines
- neoplastic vaccines
vaccines incorporating the live and virulent form of an infectious agent.
live virulent vaccines
most common form of vaccine used in vet med.
live attenuated vaccine
type of vaccine that induce low level infections and replicating withing the animal
live attenuated vaccine
What are 3 negatives of using live attenuated vaccines
- reversion to virulence
- vaccine contamination
- less stable than killed
type of vaccine that incorporates an organism antigenically related to the target infectious agent but adapted to another host species
heterologous vaccine
What is the measles vaccine used for in puppies?
to protect against distemper
type of vaccine that permits discrimination between a vaccine and natural exposure IR
marker vaccine
type of vaccine containing killed whole organisms
non infectious vaccines
why is adjuvant adde d to killed vaccines
more likely to induce Th2 response
vaccines that do not contain an entire intact organism but contains specific immunogenic protein or metabolites
subunit vaccines
vaccine that contains a plasmid containing the gene of interest
naked DNA vaccine
type of vaccine that stimulates high levels of local immunity in site of inoculation, used to protect against respiratory pathogens
mucosal vaccines
What are the 3 types of adjuvents?
- Depot adjuvents
- Particulate adjuvents
- immunostimulatory adjuvents
What is the benefit of depot adjuvents
slow removal of antigen leading to porlonged IR
what is the benefit of particulate adjuvents
Enhanced antigen presentation leading to enchanced cell mediated immunith and enhanced antibody production
What is the benefit of immunostimulatory adjuvents
stiulate TLRs leading to enhanced cell mediated immunity and enhanced Ab production
What are the 3 types of vaccine reactions
- Errors
- normal toxicity
- inappropriate responses
