Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Immunology > Exam 1: Inflammation > Flashcards

Exam 1: Inflammation Flashcards

1
Q

Defense rxn of living tissue against damage, aimed at removing the cause of injury and repairing the tissue

A

Inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the 2 types of inflammation?

A

acute and chronic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

____ inflammation fights the early stges of infection and prepares the process that leads to tissue repair.

A

Acute

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

____ inflammation is characterized by the dominating presence of macrophages in the injured tissue

A

Chronic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

3 Exogenous causes of inflammation

A
  1. physical agents
  2. chemical agents
  3. biological agents
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the 2 endogenous causes of inflammation?

A
  1. circulation disorders

2. metabolic products

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the 5 Hallmark signs of acute inflammation?

A
  1. Calor (heat)
  2. Rubdor (redness)
  3. Tumor (swelling)
  4. Dolor (pain)
  5. Functio laesa (loss of function)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the 4 pro-inflammatory cytokines?

A

TNFa
IL-1
IL-6
IL-8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which two proinflammatory cytokines induce fever and stress hormone production

A

TNFa and IL-1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

TNFa and IL-1 induce the synthesis of what 3 factors?

A

IL-6
IL-8
IFNy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What proinflammatory cytokine stimulates the release of c-reactive protein

A

IL-6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What 6 things do proinflammatory cytokines activate?

A
  1. Coagulation cascade
  2. Release of nitric oxide
  3. Platelet- activating factor
  4. prostaglandins
  5. leukotrienes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What 4 things do complement components stimulate

A
  1. chemotaxis
  2. neutrophils
  3. eosionophils
  4. monocytes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What 4 things do prostaglandins contribute to during inflammation?

A
  1. vasodilation
  2. capillary permeability
  3. pain
  4. fever
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

T/F. Prostaglandins inc. blood pressure.

A

F. Dec BP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which Leukotrienes are responsible for smooth muscle contraction

A

Slow reacting substance of anaphylazis

SRS-A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which Leukotriene is a chemoattractant of neutrophils

A

LTB4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is found in platelets, basophils, and mast cells that is responsible for dilation and inc. permeability of capillaries?

A

Vasoactive amines

Histamine and serotonin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the 7 mediators of inflammation?

A
  1. Pro-inflammatory cytokines
  2. Complement components
  3. Prostaglandins
  4. Leukotrienes
  5. Vasoactive amines
  6. Platelet-activation factor
  7. Plasma Proteases
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the 4 affects of Platelet activating factor (PAF)?

A
  1. Induces platelet aggregation
  2. Activates neutrophils
  3. eosinophil chemoattractant
  4. contributes to eflux of plasma proteins leading to edema
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the two plasma proteases

A
  1. kinins

2. clotting factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is the function of kinins?

A

inc. capillary permeability and pain

23
Q

responsible for production of fibrin peptides during the final steps of the clotting process

A

Clotting factors

24
Q

Which of the following treatments would you consider in managing a cutaneous inflammatory reaction caused by allergy in a dog?

a. loratadine
b. dulcolax
c. crestor

A

a. loratadine

25
What are the two stages of inflammation?
1. Vascular | 2. Cellular
26
What are the two phases of the vascular response to inflammation?
1. Phase 1: vasoconstriction 2. Phase 2: active vasodilation 3. Phase 3: Passive vasodilation
27
what happens during phase one of the vascular response during inflammation?
constriction of sm. blood vessels
28
What happens during phase 2 of the vascular response during inflammation?
dilation of arterioles and capillaries
29
Which phase of the vascular response of inflammation causes an increased cellular metabolism, causing an inc. in heat?
phase 2
30
What is the cellular response?
movement of leukocytes into the area of injury
31
What is the sequence of events that leads to the cellular response?
1. chemotaxis 2. Rolling 3. Migration 4. Phagocytes
32
What are the 4 types of CAMs?
1. Selectins 2. Mucins 3. Integrins 4. Ig-superfamily CAM
33
Which family of CAMs bind carbohydrate moieties?
Selectins
34
What are the 3 most important Selectins?
Selectin E, L, and P
35
Which selectin is expressed on leukocytes?
Selectin L
36
Which selectins are expressed on endothelium during inflammation
Selectin P and E
37
_____ are responsible for leukocyte interactio with the endothelium during the initial phase of inflammation
Selectins
38
Group of heavily glycosylated, serine and theronine rich proteins that bind to selectins
Mucins
39
Heterodimeric proteins consisting of alpha and beta chains that are covalently joined at the cell surface
Integrins
40
Leukocytes express integrins with ___ chains
B2
41
What does a deficiency in B2 integrin lead to?
leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD) recurrent bacterial infections
42
What CAMs bind to integrins?
Ig- superfamily
43
Which molecule listed below is not an adhesion molecule? a. mucin b. selectin c. Ig-superfamily d. immunoglobulin G e. integrin
d. immunoglobulin g
44
What are the 4 phases of extravasation of leukocytes
1. rolling 2. Activation 3. Adhesion 4. Diapedesis
45
T/F. Neutrophils do not bind to endothelial cells under normal circumstances
T
46
What are the 4 most prominent systemic manifestations of inflammation.
1. the acute phase response 2. Alterations in WBC count 3. High fever 4. Sepsis and septic shot
47
What is produced by granulocytes at the end stages of inflammation to initiate the termination sequence.
Arachidonic acid- derived lipoxins
48
What are the 4 outcomes of inflammation?
1. resolution 2. fibrosis 3. abscess formation 4. chronic inflammation
49
Where does the histamine released during the inflammatory response come from? a. Mast cells b. Tissue fibroblasts c. T cells d. Neuronal cells
a. mast cells
50
T/F. Inflammation is a normal process which allows the body to fight infection or injury by foreign substances
T
51
T/F Inflammation is the body's immune response to irritation, injury, or trauma.
T
52
T/F Inflammationis a sequence of cellular and chemical events that occur to protect the body
T
53
T/F. The body's first response to injury includes changes in blood flow
T

Immunology (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions