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Immunology > Final Exam: Immunity to Bacteria > Flashcards

Final Exam: Immunity to Bacteria Flashcards

1
Q

What type of immunity is immunity to bacteria? (innate or adaptive?

A

Innate or adaptive

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2
Q

Which receptors are activated in immunity to bacteria and what is the purpose?

A

TLRs

inflammation, cytokine release, and complement activation

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3
Q

What cell type is important in immunity to bacteria in the innate response?

A

NK cells

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4
Q

How is Bacteria eliminated in the innate response?

A

lysozyme facilitated membrane attack complexes causing perforation of bacterial memb.

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5
Q

How is bacteria destroyed in adaptive immunity?

A
  1. Antibodies: Neutralization of enzymes or toxins
  2. Classical Complement activation
  3. Opsonization: Antibodies + complement= phagocytosis
  4. Destruction of intracellular bacteria by activated macrophages
  5. Direct killing of bacteria by cytotoxic T cells and NK cells
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6
Q

what are the 3 types of fungal infections

A
  1. skin infections
  2. respiratory infections
  3. opportunistic infections
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7
Q

Immunity to fungal infections is innate or adaptive?

A

Both

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8
Q

What are the 2 types of adaptive immunity against funal infections

A
  1. humoral IR

2. Cellular IR

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9
Q

Bind to viral glycoproteins and block virus interaction with host cells

A

collectins

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10
Q

What enzyme is important in immunity to viral infections

A

lysozyme

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11
Q

interfere with viral transcription in host cells

A

defensins from leukocytes

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12
Q

What two Pattern recognition receptors are important for viral immunity?

A
  1. RIG-1

2. TLRs

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13
Q

What are the 2 most important interferons in type 1 viral immunity and what is their function?

A

INF- a and B

act on viral infected cells to inhibit viral growth

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14
Q

What cells work in type 2 viral immunity and what is their function?

A

IFNy macrophage and CD8 T cell activator

inc. MHC2 expression

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15
Q

What cells work in type 3 viral immunity and what is their function

A

IFN lambda

immunoregulator of TH1 Response

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16
Q

What are the 2 types of adaptive immunity against virus infections?

A
  1. Ab-mediated immunity

2. cell mediated immunity

17
Q

what are 3 examples of Ab-mediated immunity against viral infections?

A
  1. complement mediated cytolysis
  2. Ab- dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC)
  3. IgG and IgM in serum and IgA in secretions
18
Q

What cells are active in Cell mediated immunity against viruses?

A

CD8 cytotoxic T cells

19
Q

What is the effect of IL-12/ IFN-y on CD8 T cells in viral immunity

A

MHC+ Antigen TCR

20
Q

What are the 6 ways in which the IS can protect the body against viruses?

A
  1. Complement
  2. Antibodies
  3. Antibodies+ complement
  4. NK cells
  5. Cytotoxic T Cells
  6. Activated macrophages
21
Q

7 ways Viruses avoid the IR?

A
  1. inhibiton of Ag presentation
  2. antigenic variation
  3. prevention of apoptosis
  4. cytokine targeting
  5. Destruction of immune cells
  6. Latency
  7. Modulation of MHC class 1 expression
22
Q

What are the 3 IR defenses against protozoa?

A
  1. innate immunity
  2. Humoral immunity
  3. Cellular immunity
23
Q

How does the humoral IR defend agains protozoa

A

antibodies against protozoan surface:

  1. opsonize
  2. agglutinate
  3. immobilize
24
Q

Cellular immunity against protozoa is a Th 1/2 mediated response

A

1

25
Q

In cellular immunity against protozoa macrophage activation increases the production of ____

A

NO

26
Q

Which stage of T gondii can the IS exert a controlling force?

A

T cells and activated macrophages can act on intracellular stage

27
Q

Immunity to protozoa is an example of which type of hypersensitivity?

A

type 2

28
Q

What are the 2 immunologic defenses against Helmiths

A
  1. innate immunity

2. adaptive immunity

29
Q

How does innate immunity defend against Helminths?

A

Chitinases are produced by mast cells, macrophages, and neutrophils to attack chitin in helminth cuticles

30
Q

How does Adaptive immunity defend against helminths?

A

Th2 mediated response

inc. IgE and Eosinophils

31
Q

Immunity to helminths is an example of which type of hypersensitivity?

A

Type 1

32
Q

Type 1 hypersensitivity is an exageration of Th 1/2

A

2

33
Q

Type one hypersensitivity is characterized by excessive Ig_

A

E

34
Q

In immunity to helminths hypersensitivity type 1 there is an overproduction of IL-_

A

Il-4

35
Q

Where is FcERI present?

A 
Mast cells
Basophils
Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Macrophages
Dendritic cells
36
Q

Where are FcERII present?

A 
B cells
NK cells
Macrophages
DC
Eosinophils
Platelets

Immunology (23 decks)

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