Final Exam: Immunity to Bacteria Flashcards
What type of immunity is immunity to bacteria? (innate or adaptive?
Innate or adaptive
Which receptors are activated in immunity to bacteria and what is the purpose?
TLRs
inflammation, cytokine release, and complement activation
What cell type is important in immunity to bacteria in the innate response?
NK cells
How is Bacteria eliminated in the innate response?
lysozyme facilitated membrane attack complexes causing perforation of bacterial memb.
How is bacteria destroyed in adaptive immunity?
- Antibodies: Neutralization of enzymes or toxins
- Classical Complement activation
- Opsonization: Antibodies + complement= phagocytosis
- Destruction of intracellular bacteria by activated macrophages
- Direct killing of bacteria by cytotoxic T cells and NK cells
what are the 3 types of fungal infections
- skin infections
- respiratory infections
- opportunistic infections
Immunity to fungal infections is innate or adaptive?
Both
What are the 2 types of adaptive immunity against funal infections
- humoral IR
2. Cellular IR
Bind to viral glycoproteins and block virus interaction with host cells
collectins
What enzyme is important in immunity to viral infections
lysozyme
interfere with viral transcription in host cells
defensins from leukocytes
What two Pattern recognition receptors are important for viral immunity?
- RIG-1
2. TLRs
What are the 2 most important interferons in type 1 viral immunity and what is their function?
INF- a and B
act on viral infected cells to inhibit viral growth
What cells work in type 2 viral immunity and what is their function?
IFNy macrophage and CD8 T cell activator
inc. MHC2 expression
What cells work in type 3 viral immunity and what is their function
IFN lambda
immunoregulator of TH1 Response
What are the 2 types of adaptive immunity against virus infections?
- Ab-mediated immunity
2. cell mediated immunity
what are 3 examples of Ab-mediated immunity against viral infections?
- complement mediated cytolysis
- Ab- dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC)
- IgG and IgM in serum and IgA in secretions
What cells are active in Cell mediated immunity against viruses?
CD8 cytotoxic T cells
What is the effect of IL-12/ IFN-y on CD8 T cells in viral immunity
MHC+ Antigen TCR
What are the 6 ways in which the IS can protect the body against viruses?
- Complement
- Antibodies
- Antibodies+ complement
- NK cells
- Cytotoxic T Cells
- Activated macrophages
7 ways Viruses avoid the IR?
- inhibiton of Ag presentation
- antigenic variation
- prevention of apoptosis
- cytokine targeting
- Destruction of immune cells
- Latency
- Modulation of MHC class 1 expression
What are the 3 IR defenses against protozoa?
- innate immunity
- Humoral immunity
- Cellular immunity
How does the humoral IR defend agains protozoa
antibodies against protozoan surface:
- opsonize
- agglutinate
- immobilize
Cellular immunity against protozoa is a Th 1/2 mediated response
1
In cellular immunity against protozoa macrophage activation increases the production of ____
NO
Which stage of T gondii can the IS exert a controlling force?
T cells and activated macrophages can act on intracellular stage
Immunity to protozoa is an example of which type of hypersensitivity?
type 2
What are the 2 immunologic defenses against Helmiths
- innate immunity
2. adaptive immunity
How does innate immunity defend against Helminths?
Chitinases are produced by mast cells, macrophages, and neutrophils to attack chitin in helminth cuticles
How does Adaptive immunity defend against helminths?
Th2 mediated response
inc. IgE and Eosinophils
Immunity to helminths is an example of which type of hypersensitivity?
Type 1
Type 1 hypersensitivity is an exageration of Th 1/2
2
Type one hypersensitivity is characterized by excessive Ig_
E
In immunity to helminths hypersensitivity type 1 there is an overproduction of IL-_
Il-4
Where is FcERI present?
Mast cells Basophils Neutrophils Eosinophils Macrophages Dendritic cells
Where are FcERII present?
B cells NK cells Macrophages DC Eosinophils Platelets
