Final Exam - GI Ruminant Surgery Part I Flashcards
what are some effects of abdominal surgery on market value of food animals?
drug withdrawals/prohibition
foreign bodies - no mesh for production animals
effects on milk production
during equine abdominal surgery, what organs are difficult/impossible to access?
stomach, duodenum, & transverse colon
during ruminant abdominal surgery, what organs are difficult/impossible to access?
reticulum, omasum, & transverse colon
during porcine abdominal surgery, what organs are difficult/impossible to access?
esophagus, transverse colon, & rectum
during equine abdominal surgery, what organs are partially accessible?
esophagus, ileum, cecum, right ventral colon, right dorsal colon, small/descending colon, & rectum
during ruminant abdominal surgery, what organs are partially accessible?
esophagus, rumen (ventral, caudodorsal, caudoventral sacs), abomasum, duodenum, distal loop of ascending/spiral colon, descending colon, & rectum
during porcine abdominal surgery, what organs are partially accessible?
duodenum, spiral colon, & descending colon
during camelid abdominal surgery, what organs are partially accessible?
C1, C2, duodenum, distal loop of ascending colon/spiral colon, & descending colon
during camelid abdominal surgery, what organs are difficult/impossible to assess?
esophagus, transverse colon, & rectum
during equine abdominal surgery, what organs are accessible to the surgeon?
jejunum, left ventral colon, left dorsal colon
during ruminant abdominal surgery, what organs are accessible to the surgeon?
dorsal sac of the rumen, jejunum, ileum, cecum, proximal loop of ascending colon
during porcine abdominal surgery, what organs are accessible to the surgeon?
stomach, jejunum, ileum, & cecum
during camelid abdominal surgery, what organs are accessible to the surgeon?
jejunum, ileum, cecum, & proximal loop of ascending colon
what are the advantages of a ventral midline approach? disadvantages?
good access for many species (horse, pig, camelid, small ruminant), & increased safety/sterility
less helpful in cattle (mammary gland interference), difficult to assess pylorum, duodenum, & C1, increased healing time, bad for animals that cush/lay sternal
what can you access on a right flank approach for surgery on cattle/small ruminants?
cecum, spiral colon, small intestine, & abomasum
what can you access on a right flank approach for surgery on camelids?
duodenal obstruction & C3 obstruction
what can you access on a left flank/paracostal approach for cattle/small ruminants/camelids?
rumen
camelids - C1
what is the most common surgical condition of dairy cattle?
left displaced abomasum
how is an LDA diagnosed?
decreased milk production, decreased feed consumption (concentrates 1st), occurs late in lactation, increased fecal fluid content but less volume, slab sided
diagnosed via auscultation/percussion of ping on left side
what will be felt on rectal palpation for an LDA?
rumen displaced to the right & potentially reduced in size
what do you expect to see on bloodwork of a cow with an LDA?
hypochloremia, hypokalemia, & metabolic alkalosis
what are the 4 considerations for method of correction of an LDA?
preference of surgeon, facilities, value of animal, & general health of the patient
what is the preferred surgical approach for an LDA (reed)?
left paralumbar fossa - decompress it on the right side, pull it back & pexy to the omentum/abomasum
what are the advantages of a right paralumbar approach for correcting an LDA? disadvantages?
more thorough explore, surgeon can work alone, can tack to abomasum if the animal doesn’t have an LDA
difficult to work with adhesions of LDA to left body wall, possibly higher recurrence rate with omentopexy alone - doing a pyloropexy/abomasopexy creates risk for leakage of gi contents/stricture
what are the advantages of a left paralumbar approach for correcting an LDA? disadvantages?
ability to work with adhesions of the abomasum to the body wall, easier to perform than right-sided in heavy pregnant or obese animals
unable to tack abomasum if not an LDA (can reposition itself once the negative pressure of the abdomen is gone), risk of placing suture through abomasal wall (leakage/peritonitis), requires assistant/long arms/change of gloves, & unable to perform full abdominal explore
