Final Exam - GI Ruminant Surgery Part I

Question 1

what are some effects of abdominal surgery on market value of food animals?

Answer 1

drug withdrawals/prohibition

foreign bodies - no mesh for production animals

effects on milk production

Question 2

during equine abdominal surgery, what organs are difficult/impossible to access?

Answer 2

stomach, duodenum, & transverse colon

Question 3

during ruminant abdominal surgery, what organs are difficult/impossible to access?

Answer 3

reticulum, omasum, & transverse colon

Question 4

during porcine abdominal surgery, what organs are difficult/impossible to access?

Answer 4

esophagus, transverse colon, & rectum

Question 5

during equine abdominal surgery, what organs are partially accessible?

Answer 5

esophagus, ileum, cecum, right ventral colon, right dorsal colon, small/descending colon, & rectum

Question 6

during ruminant abdominal surgery, what organs are partially accessible?

Answer 6

esophagus, rumen (ventral, caudodorsal, caudoventral sacs), abomasum, duodenum, distal loop of ascending/spiral colon, descending colon, & rectum

Question 7

during porcine abdominal surgery, what organs are partially accessible?

Answer 7

duodenum, spiral colon, & descending colon

Question 8

during camelid abdominal surgery, what organs are partially accessible?

Answer 8

C1, C2, duodenum, distal loop of ascending colon/spiral colon, & descending colon

Question 9

during camelid abdominal surgery, what organs are difficult/impossible to assess?

Answer 9

esophagus, transverse colon, & rectum

Question 10

during equine abdominal surgery, what organs are accessible to the surgeon?

Answer 10

jejunum, left ventral colon, left dorsal colon

Question 11

during ruminant abdominal surgery, what organs are accessible to the surgeon?

Answer 11

dorsal sac of the rumen, jejunum, ileum, cecum, proximal loop of ascending colon

Question 12

during porcine abdominal surgery, what organs are accessible to the surgeon?

Answer 12

stomach, jejunum, ileum, & cecum

Question 13

during camelid abdominal surgery, what organs are accessible to the surgeon?

Answer 13

jejunum, ileum, cecum, & proximal loop of ascending colon

Question 14

what are the advantages of a ventral midline approach? disadvantages?

Answer 14

good access for many species (horse, pig, camelid, small ruminant), & increased safety/sterility

less helpful in cattle (mammary gland interference), difficult to assess pylorum, duodenum, & C1, increased healing time, bad for animals that cush/lay sternal

Question 15

what can you access on a right flank approach for surgery on cattle/small ruminants?

Answer 15

cecum, spiral colon, small intestine, & abomasum

Question 16

what can you access on a right flank approach for surgery on camelids?

Answer 16

duodenal obstruction & C3 obstruction

Question 17

what can you access on a left flank/paracostal approach for cattle/small ruminants/camelids?

Answer 17

rumen

camelids - C1

Question 18

what is the most common surgical condition of dairy cattle?

Answer 18

left displaced abomasum

Question 19

how is an LDA diagnosed?

Answer 19

decreased milk production, decreased feed consumption (concentrates 1st), occurs late in lactation, increased fecal fluid content but less volume, slab sided

diagnosed via auscultation/percussion of ping on left side

Question 20

what will be felt on rectal palpation for an LDA?

Answer 20

rumen displaced to the right & potentially reduced in size

Question 21

what do you expect to see on bloodwork of a cow with an LDA?

Answer 21

hypochloremia, hypokalemia, & metabolic alkalosis

Question 22

what are the 4 considerations for method of correction of an LDA?

Answer 22

preference of surgeon, facilities, value of animal, & general health of the patient

Question 23

what is the preferred surgical approach for an LDA (reed)?

Answer 23

left paralumbar fossa - decompress it on the right side, pull it back & pexy to the omentum/abomasum

Question 24

what are the advantages of a right paralumbar approach for correcting an LDA? disadvantages?

Answer 24

more thorough explore, surgeon can work alone, can tack to abomasum if the animal doesn’t have an LDA

difficult to work with adhesions of LDA to left body wall, possibly higher recurrence rate with omentopexy alone - doing a pyloropexy/abomasopexy creates risk for leakage of gi contents/stricture

Question 25

what are the advantages of a left paralumbar approach for correcting an LDA? disadvantages?

Answer 25

ability to work with adhesions of the abomasum to the body wall, easier to perform than right-sided in heavy pregnant or obese animals

unable to tack abomasum if not an LDA (can reposition itself once the negative pressure of the abdomen is gone), risk of placing suture through abomasal wall (leakage/peritonitis), requires assistant/long arms/change of gloves, & unable to perform full abdominal explore