Exam 3 - Motility Disorders Flashcards
what are the 3 specialized contraction patterns in adult ruminants?
- primary contractions - mixing cycle, ingesta mixing & stratification
- secondary contractions - eructation cycle
- rumination - cud chewing cycle, breakdown of feed & addition of saliva
what is the normal contents of the rumen?
fluid layer on the bottom, fibrous layer in the middle, gas cap on top - distinguishable by palpation of the left flank
what is the suggested pathogenesis of vagal indigestion syndrome?
reduced sensory input & vagal nerve damage
what are 2 causes of vagal indigestion syndrome? which one carries a worse prognosis?
- failure of omasal transport - flow through reticulo-omasal orifice disrupted, atony of reticulorumen (chronic bloat)
- pyloric outflow failure - worse prognosis
what is the most common form of vagal indigestion?
omasal transport failure - papple shaped animal from behind
what is the appearance of a cow from behind with omasal transport failure?
high, distended abdomen on the left side & low distended abdomen on the right side
the appearance of this animal suggests what?
vagal indigestion syndrome - failure of omasal transport
what is the pathogenesis of failure of omasal transport?
accumulation of ingesta leads to the distension of the forestomach & the omasum & abomasum remain relatively empty
what are some causes of failure of omasal transport?
TRP, abscesses, adhesions, papilloma, obstruction, & diaphragmatic hernia
why do you see increased rumen chloride in pyloric outflow failure?
internal vomiting
what clinical signs are seen in the late stages of pyloric outflow failure?
fluid rumen, systemic dehydration, & metabolic alkalosis because the animal is sequestering chloride
where does feed accumulate in an animal with pyloric outflow failure?
omasum & abomasum
what are some causes of pyloric outflow failure?
abomasal amotility (displaced abomasum), vagal nerve motility, hypocalcemia, cranial abdominal adhesions, & advanced pregnancy
what is the treatment used for pyloric outflow failure?
culling the animal
cathartics, correct mechanical problems, or remove the fetus
what are some sequelae of traumatic reticuloperitonitis?
focal peritonitis, diffuse peritonitis, pleuritis, vagal indigestion, & pericarditis
what causes traumatic reticuloperitonitis?
animal ingests sharp objects which settle in the reticulum & can penetrate reticular walls
what are some clinical signs associated with traumatic reticuloperitonitis?
poor appetite, decreased milk production, cranial abdominal pain (positive withers or grunt test), abnormal rumen motility, scant feces, & reluctance to move
what may be seen on fluid analysis of abdominocentesis of an animal with suspected traumatic reticuloperitonitis?
increased WBC & protein
what is seen on a cbc/chem of an animal with suspected traumatic reticuloperitonitis?
neutrophilia, hyperfibrinogenemia, hyperglobulinemia, mild metabolic alkalosis (because decreased fecal output & chloride not being lost)
how are rads used to diagnose TRP?
look for a metallic FB or perireticular abscess
how is ultrasound used to diagnose TRP?
look for decreased motility, presence of fibrin, & perireticular abscess
how is a left flank approach different from a right flank approach in an animal with suspected TRP?
left flank - use if you are for sure!!!!!
right flank - not 100% sure, this approach gives you more visibility, but if it is TRP, a second surgery will need to be performed on the left
what treatment is used for TRP?
feed the animal a magnet, antibiotics, NSAIDS, fluids, exercise restriction
surgical - rumenotomy
what are some common complications of TRP?
diffuse peritonitis, pleuritis, pericarditis, & vagal indigestion
