Final Exam - EGUS Flashcards
what cells produce hydrochloric acid?
parietal cells
what is EGUS?
all encompassing term to describe erosive & ulcerative diseases of the stomach
what is ESGD? what is EGGD?
equine squamous gastric disease
equine glandular gastric disease
what breeds are most affected by equine squamous gastric disease?
thorough bred race horses, show/sport horses, some pasture pets
where are most lesions in ESGD?
margo plicatus
where are the majority of lesions in EGGD?
pyloric antrum
what breeds are commonly affected by EGGD?
race horses, stressed horses
majority of lesions in foals are located where?
glandular or duodenal
why do foals have a high prevalence of gastric ulcers?
rapid decrease in gastric pH after birth, increased time between meals, decreased milk intake, hypoxia, high perforation risk
what are some decreased nutritional risks for EGUS?
pasture turnout, free access to fibrous feed or frequent forage feeding, alfalfa hay for increased gastric pH, <6 hours between feedings, & free access to water
what are some increased nutritional risks for EGUS?
non-exercising animals eating grain/high starch, beginning of training/stabling/stress, intermittent water access, fasting, exceeding 2g/kg BW starch intake a day, removal from pasture & going onto grain only
why are horses unique with respect to the formation of gastric ulcers?
continuous acid producers
what is the pathophysiology of squamous ulceration?
mucosal cells are susceptible to injury from HCl & VFA (no protection) - dependent on pH, dose, time
HCl damages the outer cell barriers - diffuses into thw straum spinosum
bacterial fermentation of starch/sugar - VFA, lactic acid, bile acid are synergistic with HCl
what is the pathophysiology of glandular ulceration?
breakdown of the normal defense mechanisms to acid
what are the 3 most common clinical signs of gastric ulcers in horses?
poor appetite (prefers forage), poor BCS, abdominal discomfort
what is the only way to get a definitive diagnosis of a gastric ulcer? what do you do in preperation?
gastroscopy
fast at least 16 hours, remove water 1 hour before, sedate with alpha 2s & torb, pass scope to stomach, inflate with air, remove air when done
what grade of ESGD means there is one ulcer present?
grade II
what is different about the EGGD grading system?
anatomic location & description of the lesion
what is the best treatment for gastric ulcers (ESGD & EGGD) in horses?
omeprazole - proton pump inhibitor, impairs the HKATPase pump that secretes HCL with new pumps needing to be made before acid production resumes
T/F: EGGD is trickier to treat than ESGD
true - some don’t respond to omeprazole
how can you prevent gastric ulcers?
omeprazole, avoid NSAIDS, avoid stress
what are some ways to nutritionally manage EGUS?
> 50% diet = forage
alfalfa hay, minimal grain, free choice water, good quality gras pasture
NSAIDS can cause what gi problem?
right dorsal colitis - decreased PGE2 = decreased mucosal blood flow = loss of mucosal barrier function
what is the median age of horses affected by NSAID toxicity?
6 years old
