Final Exam - Foal Thorax Flashcards
what is bronchointerstitial pneumonia in foals?
ARDS - sporadic, rapidly progressive disorder affecting foals 1 week to 8 months, not transmissible
unknown etiology - but associated with hot humid weather (transport & heat stress)
what are some clinical findings associated with bronchointerstitial pneumonia?
acute onset, tachypnea, fever, respiratory distress, flared nostrils, increased abdominal effort
decreased bronchovesicular sounds, referred large airway sounds,
what clinpath findings are associated with bronchointerstitial pneumonia?
neutrophilic leukocytosis, hyperfibrinogenemia, hypoxemia, hypercapnia, & respiratory acidosis
T/F: severeity of radiographic appearance in foals with bronchointerstitial pneumonia doesn’t equate to severity of respiratory distress
true - rads often look fine
how is bronchointerstitial pneumonia treated?
airconditioning, maintain normothermia, aggressive intensive care, & CORTICOSTEROIDS
what is the gross histopathologic appearance of bronchointerstitial pneumonia?
wet heavy lungs that fail to collapse
how is bronchointerstitial pneumonia controlled?
recommend avoiding heat stress
what is SCID?
lethal primary immunodeficiency of arabian foals where they fail to produce functional b & t lymphocytes
T/F: SCID is an autosomal recessive trait
true - involves both dam & sire
what is the clinical presentation of a SCID foal?
normal at birth - recurrent viral/bacterial/fungal infections (usually respiratory) that begins at 1-2 months with the waning maternal Ig - fatal by 5-6 months
why is accurate diagnosis of SCID essential in foals?
implicates dam & sire
how do you get a tentative antemortem diagnosis of SCID in foals?
persistent lymphopenia, absence of IgM, recurrent infections, & non-responsive to treatment
how do you get a definitive diagnosis of SCID?
vet gen DNA diagnostic test - detects heterogenous carriers & homozygous affected foals in an EDTA blood tubes or mucosal brushes for mouth swabs
what is the most common isolate of bacterial bronchopneumonia in foals?
streptococcus zooepidemicus
what is the most common isolate in life threatening pneumonia in foals?
rhodococcus equi
what are the clinical signs of bacterial pneumonia in foals?
mucopurulent discharge, cough, abnormal lung sounds, BAR, no fever
how is bacterial pneumonia diagnosed in foals?
TBA - septic inflammation
what is the most common cause of severe pneumonia in foals age 3-16 weeks?
rhodococcus equi - endemic farms
what is pneumocystic carinii?
unicellular eukaryote that completes life cycle within the alveoli associated with disease in immunosuppressed foals
how is pneumocystis carinii diagnosed?
BAL cytology - most sensitive diagnostic test
what are some clinical signs of pneumocystis carinii?
cough, nasal discharge, acute onset of respiratory distress & cyanosis
how does parascarus equorum cause respiratory disease in foals?
larvae migrate through the lungs of foals & weanlings - larvae in lungs 7-14 days ingesting parasitic eggs
how is parascarus equorum diagnosed?
eosinophilic response in BAL
what are some clinical signs of parascarus equorum?
mucoid nasal discharge, tachypnea, afebrile, may have colic signs if intestinal worms
what is the treatment for parascarus equorum?
larvicidal fenbendazole & ivermectin to kill the larvae
