Exam 3 - Abomasal Disorders

Question 1

what is the ‘classical’ abomasal impaction animal?

Answer 1

beef cattle on poor forage diets

Question 2

what is the pathogenesis of classical abomasal impaction?

Answer 2

firm viscus in right anterioventral abdomen - hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis

Question 3

how is classical abomasal impaction treated?

Answer 3

abomasotomy - poor success rate

Question 4

T/F: it is more common to see abomasal impaction secondary to TRP than the ‘classical’ presentation

Answer 4

true

Question 5

what is the most common presentation of abomasal impacttion?

Answer 5

post partum dairy cattle in the first 4 weeks after calving attributed to dietary changes that occur around calving

Question 6

how is abomasal impaction secondary to TRP treated?

Answer 6

lavage the abomasum through rumenotomy, use mineral oil or psyllium - poor success rate

Question 7

what are the clinical signs of abomasal impaction in post partum dairy cattle?

Answer 7

poor appetite, ketosis, floating LDA suspects

Question 8

what is the surgical & medical treatment for abomasal impaction in post partum dairy cattle?

Answer 8

surgical - manual breakdown

medical - fluids & mineral oil/psyllium

Question 9

what are the 3 main causes of abomasal impaction?

Answer 9

1. classical - beef cattle on poor forage diets
2. secondary to TRP
3. post partum dairy cattle

Question 10

what sheep breed is associated with having an abomasal emptying defect?

Answer 10

suffolk breed

Question 11

where are the common ulcer locations for calves (beef/veal/dairy/feedlot)?

Answer 11

beef - mid fundus on greater curvature

veal - pyloric antrum

feedlot - pyloric region

dairy calves - fundic region

Question 12

if an animal has only an ulcer (no blood loss), what clinical signs may be seen?

Answer 12

decreased appetite/milk production, bruxism, salivation, mild abdominal pain

Question 13

if an animal has only an ulcer with blood loss, what clinical signs may be seen?

Answer 13

weakness, hemorrhagic shock, melena

decreased appetite/milk production, bruxism, salivation, mild abdominal pain

Question 14

what are some causes of abomasal ulcers?

Answer 14

not entirely known - low abomasal pH (off feed - not influenced by trichobezoars), & decreased abomasal blood flow

Question 15

what clinical signs are seen in an animal with an ulcer & peritonitis?

Answer 15

increased WBC in peritoneal fluid, local peritonitis, diffuse peritonitis, & recumbent with expiratory groan

Question 16

if an animal has a gi ulcer that is causing symptoms, what treatment should be used?

Answer 16

get the animal to eat!!!!! saliva production/buffer

Question 17

if an animal has a gi ulcer that is bleeding, what treatment should be used?

Answer 17

antibiotics, oral antacids, blood transfusions, get animal to eat

Question 18

if an animal has a gi ulcer that has perforated, what treatment should be used?

Answer 18

antibiotics

Question 19

what is the suggested etiology of C3 ulcers in camelids?

Answer 19

unclear - stress, concurrent disease, heavy concentrate feeding, NSAIDS

Question 20

what is the pathogenesis of C3 ulcers in camelids?

Answer 20

speculative - poor blood flow & localized trauma

Question 21

**camelid C3 anatomy

Question 22

what treatment has proven efficacy for C3 ulcers in camelids?

Answer 22

pantoprazole - 1mg/kg IV SID; 1-2 mg/kg SQ SID

Question 23

what treatment has been shown not to work for C3 ulcers in camelids?

Answer 23

cimetidine, ranitidine, & oral omeprazole

Question 24

how can C3 ulcers be diagnosed in camelids?

Answer 24

ultrasound, endoscopy, bloodwork (anemia/hypoproteinemia), fecal occult blood, & serum pepsinogen

Question 25

what clinical signs are associated with C3 ulcers in camelids?

Answer 25

can be asymptomatic

anorexia/intermittent eating, anemia, depression, pain on abdominal palpation, & laying with feet to the side

Question 26

what is the most effective treatment for a bleeding ulcer? why?

Answer 26

get the animal to eat - food works as a buffer & increase abomasal luminal pH

Question 27

what are some sequelae of perforating ulcers?

Answer 27

fistula formation to diaphragm, abdominal wall, reticulum, omasum, & liver with localized peritonitis

Question 28

where is C3 in camelids? what does it do?

Answer 28

long tubular structure that lies in the caudoventral abdomen on the right side of the animal - the first 60-80% of its length has fermentative capacity while the distal portion is acid secreting

Question 29

where do ulcers in C3 occur in camelids?

Answer 29

distal acid secreting portion