Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

LA DX & TX I > Exam 2 - Ruminant Respiratory Toxins > Flashcards

Exam 2 - Ruminant Respiratory Toxins Flashcards

1
Q

what are the clinical signs associated with perilla ketone toxicity?

A

acute death, dyspnea, wheezing, frothing at the mouth, expiratory grunt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what diagnostics are used for perilla ketone toxicity?

A

history, evidence of exposure - could be in the hay

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the treatment for perilla ketone toxicity?

A

none

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

how is perilla ketone toxicity prevented?

A

provide other forage so they don’t eat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what months are there higher toxicities of perilla ketone?

A

august to october

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what effects are seen with pyrrolizidine alkaloids? common offenders?

A

hepatotoxic effects before pneumotoxins

common offenders - crotalaria, trichoderma, & senecio

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what toxic gases are most common toxic exposures for cows?

A

ammonia, hydrogen sulfate, CO2, & methane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

T/F: toxic gases can occur at low-level chronic exposure or acute severe outbreaks

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is another name for hypersensitivity pneumonias?

A

extrinsic allergic alveolitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the etiology of extrinsic allergic alveolitis?

A

allergic respiratory disease due to inhalation of organic dusts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what animals are typically affected by extrinsic allergic alveolitis?

A

adult dairy cows - more so than beef

confined animals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are the clinical signs of extrinsic allergic alveolitis?

A

fever, anorexia, dullness, hypogalactia, tachypnea, dyspnea, coughing, crackles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what diagnostics are used for extrinsic allergic alveolitis?

A

serum antibodies - only show exposure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the treatment for extrinsic allergic alveolitis?

A

remove offending agent & corticosteroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

how is extrinsic allergic alveolitis prevented?

A

make silage instead of moldy hay or feed outside

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the etiology of fibrosing alveolitis? what does it cause?

A

unknown - possibly chronic extrinsic allergic alveolitis

chronic pneumonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is the etiology of bronchiolitis obliterans? what does it cause?

A

unknown - chronic respiratory disease in yearly/young adult cows

chronic pneumonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what clinical signs are seen with bronchiolitis obliterans?

A

deep infrequent cough, tachypnea, hyperpnea, exaggerated expiratory effort

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

T/F: parasitic pneumonia is rare in cattle

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what animals are affected by lungworms?

A

dictyocaulus viviparus - young animals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what are the clinical signs associated with lung worms?

A

respiratory signs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

how are lung worms diagnosed?

A

larvae in feces

baermann test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

how are lung worms diagnosed?

A

larvae in feces

baermann test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

how are lung worms prevented?

A

anthelmintics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what is the most common respiratory parasite in sheep & goats? how is it prevented?

A

muellerius capillaris

avoid overly wet pastures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what happens if there is a large infestation of ascaris suum? how is it treated?

A

may cause pneumonia

corticosteroids, antibiotics, oxyfenbendazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what parasite migrates through the lungs with little impact on pulmonary function?

A

toxocara vitulorum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what agent causes ovine progressive pneumonia?

A

maedi visna - non-oncogenic exogenous retrovirus, lentivirus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

what animals are affected by ovine progressive pneumonia?

A

adult sheep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

what are the clinical signs associated with ovine progressive pneumonia?

A

chronic pneumonia, mastitis, emaciation, tachypnea, flared nostrils, open mouth breathing, head/neck extended, can show CNS signs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

what diagnostics are used for ovine progressive pneumonia?

A

presumptive based on history and CS, serology (false positive common), virus detection (not commonly utilized)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

what is the treatment used for ovine progressive pneumonia?

A

none

33
Q

how is ovine progressive pneumonia prevented?

A

difficult!!!

biosecurity, culling, & isolate the infected

34
Q

what agent is a persistent lentiviral infection of goats?

A

caprine arthritis & encephalitis

35
Q

what clinical signs are associated with caprine arthritis & encephalitis?

A

kids with leukoencephalomyelitis

adults with arthritis or mastitis

any age severe chronic pneumonia

36
Q

what are the diagnostics, prevention, & treatment for caprine arthritis & encephalitis?

A

presumptive based on history and CS, serology (false positive common), virus detection (not commonly utilized)

no treatment

difficult - biosecurity, culling, & isolating the infected

37
Q

what is the causative agent of caseous lymphadenitis?

A

corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis

38
Q

what is caseous lymphadenitis?

A

chronic disease of sheep & goats causing pyogranulomatous abscessation of lymph nodes & internal organs

if pulmonary lymph nodes are involved - respiratory signs

39
Q

what diagnostics are used for caseous lymphadenitis?

A

ultrasound & rads to identify abscesses, ELISA

synergistic hemolysis inhibition reliable for herd level testing

40
Q

what is the treatment for caseous lymphadenitis?

A

if pulmonary - hard to lance the abscesses to drain, so use antibiotics

maybe cull

41
Q

what is the pathogenesis of aspiration pneumonia?

A

inhaling large amounts of foreign material (typically liquid) which leads to pneumonia

42
Q

what are the clinical signs of aspiration pneumonia?

A

acute death, dullness, tachypnea, dyspnea, cough, fever, crackles, wheezes

43
Q

how is aspiration pneumonia treated?

A

long term antibiotics & nsaids

44
Q

what is the prognosis for aspiration pneumonia?

A

guarded

45
Q

how is aspiration pneumonia prevented?

A

carefully administer meds!!

46
Q

T/F: mycotic pneumonia is rare

A

true

47
Q

what other disease processes can occur simultaneously with mycotic pneumonia?

A

metritis or placentitis

48
Q

what are the clinical signs associated with mycotic pneumonia?

A

poor response to antibiotics, and respiratory signs

49
Q

what diagnostics are used for mycotic pneumonia?

A

TTW, BAL, radiographs, postmortem fungal culture

50
Q

what is the treatment used for mycotic pneumonia?

A

antifungals - expensive

potassium iodide

51
Q

what is the prognosis of mycotic pneumonia?

A

guarded to poor

52
Q

what is the etiology of vena caval thrombosis & metastatic pneumonia?

A

multifocal abscessation of lungs caused by septic thromboembolism of pulmonary arteries

liver abscesses secondary to rumenitis

53
Q

what age of animals are typical affected by vena caval thrombosis & metastatic pneumonia?

A

1 year olds

54
Q

what is the pathogenesis of vena caval thrombosis & metastatic pneumonia?

A

emboli result in pulmonary hypertension, rupture of walls, blood in airways

55
Q

what are the clinical signs of vena caval thrombosis & metastatic pneumonia?

A

coughing blood, epistaxis, pale mm, tachycardia, tachypnea, dyspnea, murmurs, acute death

56
Q

what diagnostics are used for vena caval thrombosis & metastatic pneumonia?

A

anemia neutrophilia with regenerative left shift

hepatic analytes increased

radiographs with irregular lung density

57
Q

what treatment is used for vena caval thrombosis & metastatic pneumonia?

A

long term antibiotics, furosemide, nsaids, steroids, & supportive care

58
Q

what is the prognosis of vena caval thrombosis & metastatic pneumonia?

A

grave

59
Q

how is vena caval thrombosis & metastatic pneumonia prevented?

A

prevent the primary cause - rumenitis & liver abscesses

60
Q

what is the causative agent of tuberculosis?

A

mycobacterium tuberculosis

zoonotic - almost eradicated, still a problem in underdeveloped countries

61
Q

what age of animals are typically affected by tuberculosis?

A

adults

62
Q

what are the clinical signs of tuberculosis?

A

rarely exhibited, typically non-specific (weight loss, anorexia, fever), soft cough, enlarged LN

63
Q

how is tuberculosis diagnosed?

A

tuberculin skin test, necropsy, mycobacterial culture, & PCR

64
Q

what is the treatment used for tuberculosis?

A

none pursued

65
Q

how is tuberculosis prevented?

A

eradication program, test & cull, & bio-exclusion

66
Q

what is the etiology of pleuritis/pleural effusions?

A

primary cause - bronchopneumonia

other thoracic cavity diseases

67
Q

what are the clinical signs of pleuritis/pleural effusions?

A

septic pleuritis is painful - others depend on the primary cause

68
Q

what diagnostics are used for pleuritis/pleural effusions?

A

cbc/chem, thoracocentesis for cytology & culture, TTW

69
Q

what is the treatment used for pleuritis/pleural effusions?

A

treat the primary problem, drain fluid, antibiotics, nsaids

70
Q

T/F: pneumothorax is common in large animals

A

false - uncommon

71
Q

what is the pathogenesis of pneumothorax?

A

typically occurs if emphysematous bullae ruptures, pharyngeal/laryngeal trauma, thoracic cavity trauma – can be unilateral due to complete mediastinum

72
Q

what are the clinical signs associated with pneumothorax?

A

inspiratory dyspnea, anxiety, abdominal breathing, cyanosis

73
Q

what diagnostics are used for pneumothorax?

A

rads, thoracic ultrasound, thoracocentesis

74
Q

what is the treatment for pneumothorax?

A

remove the air & treat the primary cause

75
Q

what signs are seen in pleural mesothelioma?

A

pleural effusion & fluid accumulation

76
Q

what are the clinical signs of diaphragmatic hernias?

A

abdominal pain, difficulty swallowing/regurgitation, asymmetric lung sounds, GI symptoms most common (bloat, diarrhea, hypomotility)

77
Q

how is diaphragmatic hernia diagnosed?

A

rads, barium study, TRP diagnostics, necropsy

78
Q

what is the treatment for diaphragmatic hernias?

A

surgical correction

LA DX & TX I (45 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions