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LA DX & TX I > Exam 3 - Oral Cavity & Esophageal Disorders > Flashcards

Exam 3 - Oral Cavity & Esophageal Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

what are the major similarities between actinomyces bovis & actinobacillus ligniersii in regards to pathogenesis?

A

both are common inhabitants of the oral cavity

an oral wound then allows access to other soft tissue/bony structures in the mouth allowing for spread

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2
Q

what may predispose a cow to developing wooden tongue?

A

rough feedstuff

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3
Q

what is the etiology of wooden tongue?

A

actinobacillus ligniersii - granulomatous infection of the tongue primarily seen in cattle

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4
Q

what is the pathogenesis of wooden tongue?

A

oral wound allows the bacteria access - infection begins at the base of the tongue & moves forward

may infect other soft tissues of the oral cavity

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5
Q

what are the clinical signs associated with wooden tongue?

A

anorexia, abnormal chewing, ptyalism, enlarged firm tongue, & regional lymphadenitis

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6
Q

how is wooden tongue diagnosed?

A

gram stain of aspirate/biopsy - gram negative rods +/- sulfur granules

clinical signs & response to treatment

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7
Q

what is the prognosis of wooden tongue?

A

excellent

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8
Q

what is the treatment used for wooden tongue?

A

sodium iodide IV, antibiotics - oxytetracycline, florfenicol, etc

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9
Q

what agent is seen on this sample?

A

actinobacillus ligniersii

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10
Q

what is the etiology of lumpy jaw?

A

actinomyces bovis, gram positive rod, common inhabitant of the oral cavity

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11
Q

what is the pathogenesis of lumpy jaw?

A

oral wound allows agent access & leads to osteomyelitis of the jaw preferentially affecting the mandible before the maxilla

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12
Q

what are the clinical signs of lumpy jaw?

A

initially - painless bony swelling on the mandible/maxilla

later - periosteal response, fibrous tissue reaction, draining tracts, decreased appetite, abnormal/difficulty chewing, ptyalism, weight loss, & may cause other infections in the head/esophagus/forestomach

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13
Q

what agent likely caused this?

A

actinomyces bovis

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14
Q

how is lumpy jaw diagnosed?

A

gram stain of pus - gram positive filamentous branching rods +/- sulfur granules

clinical signs

radiography - osteomyelitis, tooth root involvement, & pathologic fractures

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15
Q

what agent is seen on this?

A

actinomyces bovis

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16
Q

what is the treatment used for cows with lumpy jaw?

A

consider culling

sodium iodide IV, antibiotics (PPG, florfenicol, isoniazid - animals can’t enter food chain)

curette & flush bony lesions & draining tracts

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17
Q

what is the prognosis for animals with lumpy jaw?

A

prognosis can be good if caught early in infection but becomes poor later in infection

18
Q

tooth root abscesses are most common in what animals? what teeth? when may it occur?

A

camelids - mandibular molars!!!!

after fighting teeth have been removed

19
Q

what are the clinical signs associated with tooth root abscesses in camelids?

A

can be asymptomatic

swelling in mandible/maxilla, +/- sinusitis, & may have draining tracts

20
Q

how are tooth root abscesses diagnosed?

A

oral exam & rads - bony lysis of lamina dura, periodontal sclerosis, & periosteal reaction

21
Q

what is seen in the mandible of this radiograph?

A

tooth root abscess

22
Q

what is the treatment used for tooth root abscesses?

A

antibiotics for facultative anaerobic bacteria - 60% recovery

surgical treatment - tooth extraction

23
Q

what is the etiology of balling gun injury?

A

aggressive use of instruments in the mouth - more likely to occur in cases when the animal isn’t restrained well

24
Q

what are some clinical signs of a balling gun injury?

A

anorexia/dysphagia, fever, hypersalivation, laryngeal edema, peripharyngeal swelling/pain, bad breath, inspiratory dyspnea, & aspiration pneumonia

25
Q

how is a balling gun injury diagnosed?

A

history, physical/oral exam, endoscopy, & rads

26
Q

what is the treatment used for balling gun injury?

A

antibiotics, NSAIDS, IV fluids, avoiding coarse feeds, trach & rumenostomy if needed

27
Q

what animals are common offenders of choke?

A

camelids

28
Q

what is the etiology of choke?

A

obstruction of the esophagus

29
Q

what are some common anatomical sites of choke?

A

cranial portion of the cervical esophagus

thoracic inlet

base of the heart

30
Q

what are the big clinical signs of choke in camelids? what are some other general signs?

A

anxiety, swinging of the head/staggering, & waves of motility in cervical esophagus

free gas bloat, dysphagia, & salivation

31
Q

how is choke diagnosed?

A

physical exam, pass a stomach tube, endoscopy, & rads

32
Q

what are some major differentials for choke?

A

RABIES, megaesophagus (camelids), tetanus, botulism, balling gun injury

33
Q

what is the treatment used for choke?

A

wear gloves!!!!!

remove the obstruction - cervical esophagus & distal obstructions, gently massage!!!!

bloat should resolve once choke is

antibiotics & correct fluid/acid-base abnormalities

34
Q

what treatment can be used for stubborn obstructions in choke?

A

trochar/temporary rumen fistula, sedation, & anesthesia

35
Q

what clinical signs should you watch for in secondary esophageal dysfunction associated with choke?

A

anorexia, regurgitation, hypersalivation, & recurrence of choke

36
Q

what should you do with animals with esophageal dysfunction?

A

cull or consider a rumenostomy

37
Q

what is the etiology of megaesophagus?

A

idiopathic or sequelae of choke

38
Q

what is the pathophysiology of megaesophagus?

A

chronic distention leads to poor aboral motility

39
Q

what clinical signs are associated with megaesophagus?

A

esophageal waves, anorexia, dysphagia, & respiratory signs - increased rate/effort & abnormal sounds

40
Q

how is megaesophagus diagnosed?

A

history, endoscopy, & rads

41
Q

what condition is seen in this rad?

A

megaesophagus in a camelid

42
Q

what is the treatment used for megaesophagus?

A

avoid coarse feeds & pelleted feeds

elevate the feed, feed them alone, & slow the intake of food by putting obstructions in their bowls (tennis balls)

LA DX & TX I (45 decks)

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