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LA DX & TX I > Exam 2 - Swine Respiratory Disease > Flashcards

Exam 2 - Swine Respiratory Disease Flashcards

1
Q

what is included in the swine upper respiratory tract?

A

structures outside the chest

highly vascular, mucosal surfaces

conduction to lower airways

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2
Q

what is included in the swine lower respiratory tract?

A

structures inside the chest

lungs have 7 lobes - exchange gases between the body & external environment

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3
Q

what are some examples of impairment of respiratory defenses?

A

mucociliary apparatus dysfunction, pulmonary macrophages, stress, overwhelming the defense

disease typically categorized into rhinitis, pneumonia, & pleuritis

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4
Q

what is porcine respiratory disease complex?

A

combination of infectious agents and interactions with synergistic/additive effect

common to find 4+ agents

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5
Q

T/F: if you control or eradicate 1 agent in porcine respiratory disease complex, you can help decrease clinical signs

A

true

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6
Q

what animals are susceptible to porcine respiratory disease complex?

A

commercial swine housed under intense management strategies – many affected at once

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7
Q

what is PRRS?

A

porcine reproductive & respiratory syndrome

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8
Q

what is the etiology of porcine reproductive & respiratory syndrome?

A

arteriviridae family - not zoonotic

can affect herds devastatingly

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9
Q

what age of animals are affected by porcine reproductive & respiratory syndrome?

A

all ages

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10
Q

what are the clinical signs of porcine reproductive & respiratory syndrome?

A

fever, inappetence, labored breathing, decreased growth/performance

chronic poor doers, diffuse interstitial pneumonia, vasculitis/arteritis

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11
Q

how is porcine reproductive & respiratory syndrome diagnosed?

A

virus isolation - gold standard!!

IF, IHC, PCR, antibody testing

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12
Q

how is porcine reproductive & respiratory syndrome treated?

A

it’s not

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13
Q

how is porcine reproductive & respiratory syndrome prevented/managed?

A

vaccination (pros/cons), biosecurity, minimize respiratory disease in herds, & eradicate disease

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14
Q

what is the etiology of swine influenza virus type a?

A

H1N1, H3N2, H1N2 - potentially zoonotic

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15
Q

what are the clinical signs of epizootic swine influenza virus type a?

A

high morbidity/low mortality

barking cough, high fever, dullness, & anorexia

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16
Q

what are the clinical signs of enzootic swine influenza virus type a?

A

mild clinical signs comparatively, other respiratory pathogens contribute

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17
Q

what diagnostics are used for swine influenza virus type a?

A

clinical signs, FA, IHC, ACE, PCR for virus ID, antibody detection, & necropsy

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18
Q

what is seen on necropsy that is supportive of swine influenza virus type a?

A

atelectasis, hyperemia, & emphysema

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19
Q

what is the treatment used for swine influenza virus type a?

A

supportive care, minimize stress, anti-inflammatories (flunixin, aspirin), prevent secondary bacterial infections

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20
Q

how is swine influenza virus type a prevented?

A

vaccines - pros/cons

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21
Q

what is the etiology of porcine circovirus type 2? what age of animals are affected?

A

not zoonotic - typically affects young animals ages 5-12 weeks

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22
Q

what are the clinical signs of porcine circovirus type 2?

A

progressive weight loss, unthrifty, skin discoloration, enlarge LN, failure to thrive

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23
Q

what is seen on necropsy of an animal with porcine circovirus type 2?

A

interstitial pneumonia, necrotizing bronchitis, lymphadenopathy, lymphocytic hepatitis, enteritis, nephritis

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24
Q

what diagnostics are used for porcine circovirus type 2?

A

PCR, IHC, or serology

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25
Q

what treatment is used for porcine circovirus type 2?

A

supportive care - prevent secondary disease

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26
Q

how is porcine circovirus type 2 prevented?

A

vaccination

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27
Q

what age of animals are affected by mycoplasma hyopneumoniae?

A

grower/finisher pigs

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28
Q

what is the pathogenesis of mycoplasma hyopneumoniae?

A

colonization of airways, inflammatory response, inhibition of the mucociliary apparatus - causes bronchopneumonia

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29
Q

T/F: mycoplasma hyopneumoniae is a major contributor to porcine respiratory disease complex

A

true

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30
Q

what are the clinical signs of mycoplasma hyopneumoniae?

A

non-productive cough, inappetence, growth suppression

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31
Q

what is seen post-mortem in an animal with mycoplasma hyopneumoniae?

A

plum-colored, firm areas of pulmonary consolidation bilaterally

32
Q

how is mycoplasma hyopneumoniae diagnosed?

A

necropsy - FA on pulmonary tissues, PCR

culture is difficult

33
Q

what treatment is used for mycoplasma hyopneumoniae?

A

antimicrobials - tetracyclines, macrolides, lincosamides

34
Q

how is mycoplasma hyopneumoniae prevented?

A

management practices & eradication

35
Q

what age of animals are affected by actinobacillus pleuropneumonia?

A

grower/finisher pigs

36
Q

what are the clinical signs of actinobacillus pleuropneumonia?

A

sudden death, fever, anorexia, dullness, dyspnea, & thumps

37
Q

what is seen post-mortem on an animal with actinobacillus pleuropneumonia?

A

adhesions between lung lobes, hemorrhage, & fibrin

38
Q

what diagnostics are used for actinobacillus pleuropneumonia?

A

culture, PCR, serology, & tonsilar samples

39
Q

how is actinobacillus pleuropneumonia treated?

A

injectable beta-lactams (ceftiofur/penicillin)

fluoroquinolones - enrofloxacin

macrolides - tulathromycin

40
Q

how is actinobacillus pleuropneumonia prevented?

A

vaccination, prophylactic antibiotics, early weaning

41
Q

what is the causative agent of pasteurellosis?

A

pasteurella multocida

42
Q

what age of animals are affected by pasteurellosis?

A

grower/finisher pigs

43
Q

what is the pathogenesis of pasteurellosis?

A

lesions associated with purulent bronchopneumonia

44
Q

what are the clinical signs of pasteurellosis?

A

chronic cough, +/- fever, anorexia, decreased growth

45
Q

how is pasteurellosis diagnosed?

A

bacterial culture

46
Q

how is pasteurellosis treated?

A

antibiotics - ceftiofur, tetracyclines, tylosin, enrofloxacin

47
Q

how is pasteurellosis prevented?

A

vaccination, management strategies, prevent primary pathogens

48
Q

what is the causative agent of pulmonary bordetellosis? what does this agent also cause?

A

bordetella bronchiseptica - promotes atrophic rhinitis

49
Q

what age of animal is affected by pulmonary bordetellosis?

A

all ages

50
Q

what is the pathogenesis of pulmonary bordetellosis?

A

highly infectious & rapidly transmitted

51
Q

what are the clinical signs of pulmonary bordetellosis?

A

asymptomatic to lethal pneumonia, sneezing, nasal/ocular discharge, cough, nosebleed, lethargy, death

52
Q

how is pulmonary bordetellosis diagnosed?

A

isolation/culture from nasal swabs, postmortem lung washes, tissue samples

53
Q

how is pulmonary bordetellosis treated?

A

tetracyclines, sulfas, tulathromycin, & enrofloxacin

54
Q

how is pulmonary bordetellosis prevented?

A

bacterin vaccines may be protective

55
Q

what are the causative agents of atrophic rhinitis/progressive atrophic rhinitis?

A

b. bronchiseptica & p. multocida

56
Q

what age of animals experience more severe infections with atrophic rhinitis/progressive atrophic rhinitis?

A

early in life

57
Q

what is the pathogenesis of atrophic rhinitis/progressive atrophic rhinitis?

A

progressive shortening of the snout & atrophy of the turbinates

58
Q

what are the clinical signs of atrophic rhinitis/progressive atrophic rhinitis?

A

sneezing, epiphora, epistaxis, snout distortion, bleeding snout

59
Q

how is atrophic rhinitis/progressive atrophic rhinitis diagnosed?

A

ultrasound, snout cross-section post-mortem

60
Q

how is atrophic rhinitis/progressive atrophic rhinitis treated/controlled?

A

reduce prevalence of pathogens (vaccinate sows, medicate feed, ventilation), vaccinate with bacterin/toxoid

61
Q

what is the causative agent of glasser’s disease?

A

haemophilus parasuis

62
Q

what age of animal are most commonly affected by glasser’s disease?

A

post weaning, 4-8 weeks

63
Q

what is the pathogenesis of glasser’s disease?

A

pneumonia, meningitis, polyserositis, fibrinous septicemia

64
Q

what clinical signs are seen with glasser’s disease?

A

dyspnea, wasting, neuro signs, sudden death, high fever, & cough

65
Q

how is glasser’s disease diagnosed?

A

PCR & elisa - research setting

66
Q

how is glasser’s disease treated?

A

antibiotics & nsaids

67
Q

what is the most common serotype of streptococcus suis?

A

type 2

68
Q

what age of animals are most commonly affected by streptococcus suis?

A

post-weaning

zoonotic!!

69
Q

what is the pathogenesis of streptococcus suis?

A

infection more common than disease

70
Q

what are the clinical signs of streptococcus suis?

A

pneumonia, meningitis, polyserositis, septicemia

71
Q

what diagnostics are used for streptococcus suis?

A

clinical signs, age of the animal, lesions, culture, & serotyping

72
Q

how is streptococcus suis treated/control?

A

vaccination & antibiotics

73
Q

what agents cause verminous pneumonia in pigs?

A

ascarid ascaris suum

metastrongylus elongatus - lung worms

74
Q

what is the pathogenesis of ascarid ascaris suum?

A

migrate through the liver (milk spots) & lungs

can cause severe pneumonia & death, predisposed to bacterial pneumonia

75
Q

what is the pathogenesis of lungworms?

A

adults live in the terminal bronchioles

76
Q

T/F: swine aren’t as sensitive to toxic gases

A

false - extremely sensitive

77
Q

what 3 toxic exposures are listed for swine?

A
  1. ammonia - chronic stressor & nasal irritant
  2. hydrogen sulfide (manure holding pits) - causes pulmonary edema & asphyxiation
  3. carbon monoxide - competes with oxygen & has a better binding affinity

LA DX & TX I (45 decks)

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