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LA DX & TX I > Exam 2 - Swine Respiratory Disease > Flashcards

Exam 2 - Swine Respiratory Disease Flashcards

1
Q

what is included in the swine upper respiratory tract?

A

structures outside the chest

highly vascular, mucosal surfaces

conduction to lower airways

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2
Q

what is included in the swine lower respiratory tract?

A

structures inside the chest

lungs have 7 lobes - exchange gases between the body & external environment

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3
Q

what are some examples of impairment of respiratory defenses?

A

mucociliary apparatus dysfunction, pulmonary macrophages, stress, overwhelming the defense

disease typically categorized into rhinitis, pneumonia, & pleuritis

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4
Q

what is porcine respiratory disease complex?

A

combination of infectious agents and interactions with synergistic/additive effect

common to find 4+ agents

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5
Q

T/F: if you control or eradicate 1 agent in porcine respiratory disease complex, you can help decrease clinical signs

A

true

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6
Q

what animals are susceptible to porcine respiratory disease complex?

A

commercial swine housed under intense management strategies – many affected at once

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7
Q

what is PRRS?

A

porcine reproductive & respiratory syndrome

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8
Q

what is the etiology of porcine reproductive & respiratory syndrome?

A

arteriviridae family - not zoonotic

can affect herds devastatingly

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9
Q

what age of animals are affected by porcine reproductive & respiratory syndrome?

A

all ages

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10
Q

what are the clinical signs of porcine reproductive & respiratory syndrome?

A

fever, inappetence, labored breathing, decreased growth/performance

chronic poor doers, diffuse interstitial pneumonia, vasculitis/arteritis

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11
Q

how is porcine reproductive & respiratory syndrome diagnosed?

A

virus isolation - gold standard!!

IF, IHC, PCR, antibody testing

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12
Q

how is porcine reproductive & respiratory syndrome treated?

A

it’s not

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13
Q

how is porcine reproductive & respiratory syndrome prevented/managed?

A

vaccination (pros/cons), biosecurity, minimize respiratory disease in herds, & eradicate disease

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14
Q

what is the etiology of swine influenza virus type a?

A

H1N1, H3N2, H1N2 - potentially zoonotic

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15
Q

what are the clinical signs of epizootic swine influenza virus type a?

A

high morbidity/low mortality

barking cough, high fever, dullness, & anorexia

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16
Q

what are the clinical signs of enzootic swine influenza virus type a?

A

mild clinical signs comparatively, other respiratory pathogens contribute

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17
Q

what diagnostics are used for swine influenza virus type a?

A

clinical signs, FA, IHC, ACE, PCR for virus ID, antibody detection, & necropsy

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18
Q

what is seen on necropsy that is supportive of swine influenza virus type a?

A

atelectasis, hyperemia, & emphysema

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19
Q

what is the treatment used for swine influenza virus type a?

A

supportive care, minimize stress, anti-inflammatories (flunixin, aspirin), prevent secondary bacterial infections

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20
Q

how is swine influenza virus type a prevented?

A

vaccines - pros/cons

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21
Q

what is the etiology of porcine circovirus type 2? what age of animals are affected?

A

not zoonotic - typically affects young animals ages 5-12 weeks

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22
Q

what are the clinical signs of porcine circovirus type 2?

A

progressive weight loss, unthrifty, skin discoloration, enlarge LN, failure to thrive

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23
Q

what is seen on necropsy of an animal with porcine circovirus type 2?

A

interstitial pneumonia, necrotizing bronchitis, lymphadenopathy, lymphocytic hepatitis, enteritis, nephritis

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24
Q

what diagnostics are used for porcine circovirus type 2?

A

PCR, IHC, or serology

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25
what treatment is used for porcine circovirus type 2?
supportive care - prevent secondary disease
26
how is porcine circovirus type 2 prevented?
vaccination
27
what age of animals are affected by mycoplasma hyopneumoniae?
grower/finisher pigs
28
what is the pathogenesis of mycoplasma hyopneumoniae?
colonization of airways, inflammatory response, inhibition of the mucociliary apparatus - causes bronchopneumonia
29
T/F: mycoplasma hyopneumoniae is a major contributor to porcine respiratory disease complex
true
30
what are the clinical signs of mycoplasma hyopneumoniae?
non-productive cough, inappetence, growth suppression
31
what is seen post-mortem in an animal with mycoplasma hyopneumoniae?
plum-colored, firm areas of pulmonary consolidation bilaterally
32
how is mycoplasma hyopneumoniae diagnosed?
necropsy - FA on pulmonary tissues, PCR culture is difficult
33
what treatment is used for mycoplasma hyopneumoniae?
antimicrobials - tetracyclines, macrolides, lincosamides
34
how is mycoplasma hyopneumoniae prevented?
management practices & eradication
35
what age of animals are affected by actinobacillus pleuropneumonia?
grower/finisher pigs
36
what are the clinical signs of actinobacillus pleuropneumonia?
sudden death, fever, anorexia, dullness, dyspnea, & thumps
37
what is seen post-mortem on an animal with actinobacillus pleuropneumonia?
adhesions between lung lobes, hemorrhage, & fibrin
38
what diagnostics are used for actinobacillus pleuropneumonia?
culture, PCR, serology, & tonsilar samples
39
how is actinobacillus pleuropneumonia treated?
injectable beta-lactams (ceftiofur/penicillin) fluoroquinolones - enrofloxacin macrolides - tulathromycin
40
how is actinobacillus pleuropneumonia prevented?
vaccination, prophylactic antibiotics, early weaning
41
what is the causative agent of pasteurellosis?
pasteurella multocida
42
what age of animals are affected by pasteurellosis?
grower/finisher pigs
43
what is the pathogenesis of pasteurellosis?
lesions associated with purulent bronchopneumonia
44
what are the clinical signs of pasteurellosis?
chronic cough, +/- fever, anorexia, decreased growth
45
how is pasteurellosis diagnosed?
bacterial culture
46
how is pasteurellosis treated?
antibiotics - ceftiofur, tetracyclines, tylosin, enrofloxacin
47
how is pasteurellosis prevented?
vaccination, management strategies, prevent primary pathogens
48
what is the causative agent of pulmonary bordetellosis? what does this agent also cause?
bordetella bronchiseptica - promotes atrophic rhinitis
49
what age of animal is affected by pulmonary bordetellosis?
all ages
50
what is the pathogenesis of pulmonary bordetellosis?
highly infectious & rapidly transmitted
51
what are the clinical signs of pulmonary bordetellosis?
asymptomatic to lethal pneumonia, sneezing, nasal/ocular discharge, cough, nosebleed, lethargy, death
52
how is pulmonary bordetellosis diagnosed?
isolation/culture from nasal swabs, postmortem lung washes, tissue samples
53
how is pulmonary bordetellosis treated?
tetracyclines, sulfas, tulathromycin, & enrofloxacin
54
how is pulmonary bordetellosis prevented?
bacterin vaccines may be protective
55
what are the causative agents of atrophic rhinitis/progressive atrophic rhinitis?
b. bronchiseptica & p. multocida
56
what age of animals experience more severe infections with atrophic rhinitis/progressive atrophic rhinitis?
early in life
57
what is the pathogenesis of atrophic rhinitis/progressive atrophic rhinitis?
progressive shortening of the snout & atrophy of the turbinates
58
what are the clinical signs of atrophic rhinitis/progressive atrophic rhinitis?
sneezing, epiphora, epistaxis, snout distortion, bleeding snout
59
how is atrophic rhinitis/progressive atrophic rhinitis diagnosed?
ultrasound, snout cross-section post-mortem
60
how is atrophic rhinitis/progressive atrophic rhinitis treated/controlled?
reduce prevalence of pathogens (vaccinate sows, medicate feed, ventilation), vaccinate with bacterin/toxoid
61
what is the causative agent of glasser's disease?
haemophilus parasuis
62
what age of animal are most commonly affected by glasser's disease?
post weaning, 4-8 weeks
63
what is the pathogenesis of glasser's disease?
pneumonia, meningitis, polyserositis, fibrinous septicemia
64
what clinical signs are seen with glasser's disease?
dyspnea, wasting, neuro signs, sudden death, high fever, & cough
65
how is glasser's disease diagnosed?
PCR & elisa - research setting
66
how is glasser's disease treated?
antibiotics & nsaids
67
what is the most common serotype of streptococcus suis?
type 2
68
what age of animals are most commonly affected by streptococcus suis?
post-weaning zoonotic!!
69
what is the pathogenesis of streptococcus suis?
infection more common than disease
70
what are the clinical signs of streptococcus suis?
pneumonia, meningitis, polyserositis, septicemia
71
what diagnostics are used for streptococcus suis?
clinical signs, age of the animal, lesions, culture, & serotyping
72
how is streptococcus suis treated/control?
vaccination & antibiotics
73
what agents cause verminous pneumonia in pigs?
ascarid ascaris suum metastrongylus elongatus - lung worms
74
what is the pathogenesis of ascarid ascaris suum?
migrate through the liver (milk spots) & lungs can cause severe pneumonia & death, predisposed to bacterial pneumonia
75
what is the pathogenesis of lungworms?
adults live in the terminal bronchioles
76
T/F: swine aren't as sensitive to toxic gases
false - extremely sensitive
77
what 3 toxic exposures are listed for swine?
1. ammonia - chronic stressor & nasal irritant 2. hydrogen sulfide (manure holding pits) - causes pulmonary edema & asphyxiation 3. carbon monoxide - competes with oxygen & has a better binding affinity

LA DX & TX I (45 decks)

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