Exam 3 - Intestinal Disorders

Question 1

what agents are presumed to play a role in severe necrohemorrhagic enteritis?

Answer 1

clostridium perfringens type A & aspergillus fumigatus

Question 2

what animals are typically affected by hemorrhagic bowel syndrome?

Answer 2

high producing dairy cattle with a high dry matter intake - brown swiss may be predisposed

Question 3

what are the clinical signs of hemorrhagic bowel disease? how is it treated?

Answer 3

acute abdominal disease - surgery!!!! high mortality, >95% even with surgery

Question 4

how is hemorrhagic bowel syndrome controlled?

Answer 4

decrease soluble carbohydrates, watch for feed sorting

vaccination - type C & D aren’t protective, type A bacterin-toxoid available

Question 5

what is the difference between atresia ani & atresia coli?

Answer 5

both have similar clinical signs - but atresia ani is slower in onset of signs

Question 6

how is a spiral colon impaction diagnosed in a camelid?

Answer 6

clinical signs, ultrasound/rads, bloodwork - often normal, but may see an inflammatory leukogram & azotemia

Question 7

what is the treatment plan for a camelid with a spiral colon impaction?

Answer 7

hydrate!!!! iv & oral fluids

cathartic agents - magnesium hydroxide

lubricant laxatives - mineral oil

pain control - NSAIDS, lidocaine CRI

surgery

Question 8

what is the etiology of spiral colon impaction?

Answer 8

decreased fluid intake, impaired peristalsis, & inflammation/edema - horses

Question 9

what is the pathophysiology of spiral colon impaction?

Answer 9

inspissated material in colon

Question 10

what clinical signs are associated with spiral colon impaction?

Answer 10

straining, prolonged posturing at dung pile, decreased fecal production, diarrhea in crias/juveniles, colic signs (rolling, kicking at abdomen, lateral recumbency)

Question 11

what is atresia coli?

Answer 11

congenital abnormality causing an absence of a colonic segment

Question 12

what causes atresia coli?

Answer 12

secondary to vascular insult during gestation

early pregnancy diagnosis may predispose

Question 13

what breed is predisposed to having atresia coli?

Answer 13

holstein-friesian

Question 14

what are the clinical signs of atresia coli?

Answer 14

no feces, progressive abdominal distension, +/- abdominal pain

Question 15

how is atresia coli diagnosed?

Answer 15

pass a tube through the rectum & surgery

Question 16

what is atresia ani?

Answer 16

absence of anal opening

Question 17

what are the clinical signs of atresia ani?

Answer 17

no feces, progressive abdominal distension, +/- abdominal pain

may have no clinical signs in female animals - they may poop out of their vag

Question 18

how is atresia ani diagnosed?

Answer 18

look to see if they have a butthole

Question 19

how is atresia ani treated?

Answer 19

surgical correction on non-breeding animals only

Question 20

what are some causes of rectal prolapse?

Answer 20

increased intrapelvic pressure - tenesmus, coughing, obesity, vaginal irritation/prolapse, & excessively short tail dock

Question 21

how are rectal prolapses treated?

Answer 21

reduce the prolapse - purse string, amputation, iodine injections, alcohol epidural

often recur

Question 22

what condition is seen in this photo?

Answer 22

atresia ani