Final Exam Chapter 9 review

Question 1

Where is the cell body, dendrites, and axons located in a Motor neuron?

Answer 1

Cell body: In the gray matter of the spinal cords ventral horn

Dendrites: near the cell body in the gray matter

Axons: Goes out of the ventral horn to its effector (ventral root)

Question 2

What does gray and white matter contain?

Answer 2

Gray: Neuron cell bodies

White: dendrites and myelinated axons

Question 3

Where is CSF (cerebral spinal fluid) made?

Answer 3

It is produced by the CHOROID PLEXUS in the roof of each ventricle within the brain.

Question 4

How is CSF (cerebral spinal fluid) made?

Answer 4

It is produced by the choroid plexus

Question 5

How is CSF (cerebral spinal fluid) recycled?

Answer 5

It is recycled by arachnoid granulations. It absorbs the CSF and puts it back into the blood

Question 6

How often is CSF (cerebral spinal fluid) recycled?

Answer 6

It is secreted and recycled 3 TIMES PER DAY

Question 7

What the 4 functions of CSF (cerebrospinal fluid)?

Answer 7

• transports nutrients, chemicals, and wastes
• cushions and protects neural tissue
• allows buoyancy of the brain to resist gravity
• protects against compression of nerves and blood vessels

Question 8

From where does the cerebellum receive sensory input? (4 places)

Answer 8

Somatic receptors in the joints, tendons, muscles, and the inner ear

Question 9

What is the function of the cerebellum?

Answer 9

Process sensory input to do movement (maintain posture and balance, and do motor learning)

Question 10

What would happen if the cerebellum was damaged?

Answer 10

Would be unable to maintain your posture and balance (walk in a straight line or write in a straight line) AND process sensory input.

Question 11

What is the function of the thalamus in regards to sensory reception and emotion?

Answer 11

It sorts, edits, and relays ascending input for touch, pain, skin temperature, muscle stretch, joint tension, hearing, vision, taste, and balance and equilibrium. AND takes these sensations to their final destination (the correct one)

Question 12

What sensation DOES NOT pass through the thalamus?

Answer 12

SMELL (olfactory receptors)

Question 13

How does the hypothalamus control fight or flight?

Answer 13

It activates the sympathetic nervous system by controlling catecholamine (epinephrine and norepinephrine) release

Question 14

How does the hypothalamus manage and control body temperature?

Answer 14

It receives information from thermoreceptors and sends out signals to places in the body telling it to do something to adjust our temperature

Question 15

How does the hypothalamus control hunger and thirst?

Answer 15

Thirst: It motivates you to drink more and encourages secretion of ADH (vasopressin)

Hunger: Stimulates the satiety center, AND stimulates feeding center

Question 16

How does the hypothalamus integrate with the limbic system?

Answer 16

Influences behavior and emotions by interacting with the limbic system (turns behaviors/smells and stuff into memories)

Question 17

How does the hypothalamus work with the medulla oblongata?

Answer 17

Influences cardiovascular control by responding to flight or flight (medulla sends it’s info to increase heart rate rapidly)

Question 18

What is the basic function of the Prefrontal cortex, Primary motor cortex, Premotor cortex (motor association) in the Frontal lobe?

Answer 18

Prefrontal cortex: Does thoughts, Actions, and emotions through integration
Primary motor cortex: Initiates voluntary skeletal muscle movement
Premotor cortex (motor association): Plans and organizes movements and actions (makes them smooth)

Question 19

Primary somatic sensory cortex, sensory association area in Parietal lobe?

Answer 19

Primary somatic sensory cortex: Receives somatic sensory input from the skin, muscle, joints, internal organs, and taste buds

Sensory association area: Relates sensory information to past experiences and delivers it to motor areas

Question 20

Auditory cortex, Auditory association area, Olfactory cortex in the Temporal lobe?

Answer 20

Auditory cortex: receives sensory input from the cochlea
Auditory association area: Integrates sensory info from the auditory cortex and interprets it as sound
Olfactory cortex: receives input from receptors in the nasal cavity for smell. Helps do smell into memories

Question 21

What is the basic function of the visual cortex, Visual association area occipital lobe?

Answer 21

visual cortex: gets input from the retina of the eye for vision
Visual association area: interprets information from the visual cortex to recognize faces

Question 22

What is the basic function of the gustatory cortex in the occipital lobe?

Answer 22

Gustatory cortex: Receives input for taste

Question 23

Where is the location and function of Wernicke’s area?

Answer 23

Location: Auditory association area (temporal lobe)

Function: Comprehension is impaired. Just a bunch of jumbled up words (word salad), fluency in tact RECEPTIVE

Question 24

What is the basic function of the cortex and association area in ALL OF THE LOBES OF THE CEREBRUM?

Answer 24

Receives sensory input and allows decision making by integrating sensory info and forming connections

Question 25

what part of the cerebrum does agnosia affect?

Answer 25

The association areas in the cerebrum

Question 26

What is the specific function of the hippocampus?

Answer 26

It connects learning and memory together

Question 27

Where is the location and function of Broca’s area?

Answer 27

Function: Loss of grammatical structure (talks like a toddler), fluency impaired, comprehension in tact EXPRESSIVE

Question 28

Where is the location and function of Wernicke’s area?

Answer 28

Location: Auditory association area (temporal lobe)

Function: Comprehension is impaired. Just a bunch of jumbled up words (word salad), fluency in tact RECEPTIVE

Question 29

What are some one word choices used by people who have Broca’s aphasia compared to Wernicke’s aphasia?

Answer 29

Wernicke’s: You know that smoodle pinkered and that I want to get him round and take care of him like you want before
Broca’s: Walk dog (suppose to say I will take the dog for a walk) or book book two table (suppose to say There are two books on the table)

Question 30

What are the functions of the basal ganglia? (4)

Answer 30

• Regulate intensity of slow or stereotyped movements
• filter out incorrect responses
• inhibit unnecessary movements (antagonistic)
• Prevents excessive or exaggerated movements