Final Exam Chapter 10 review

Question 1

What is the stimulus for nociceptors?

Answer 1

ANY TYPE OF PAIN

Question 2

What is the purpose of the nocireceptor?

Answer 2

Nociceptors detect pain and potential tissue damage, triggering autonomic and emotional responses to protect the body

Question 3

What is the pain pathway to the brain for the nocireceptor? (4 steps

Answer 3

1. Nociceptors detect pain and send signals through A-delta (fast pain) or C fibers (slow pain).
2. Signals travel to the spinal cord and synapse with second-order neurons.
3. Second-order neurons cross to the opposite side and ascend to the thalamus.
4. From the thalamus, third-order neurons project to the somatosensory cortex for pain perception

Question 4

Are the nociceptors tonic or phasic receptors?

Answer 4

tonic

Question 5

What is proprioception?

Answer 5

the sense of your body’s position and movement in space, without relying on visual input

Question 6

What is the purpose of histamine?

Answer 6

It activates nociceptors

Question 7

How do neuromodulators contribute to high/low pain tolerance?

Answer 7

High pain: Higher levels of endorphins and enkephalins that are present inhibit the pain pathway. And you get higher pain tolerance

Low Pain: Lower levels of endorphins and enkephalins do not effect the pain pathway as much and you get lower pain tolerance

Question 8

How do neurotransmitters contribute to high/low pain tolerance?

Answer 8

High Pain: If you release low amounts of substance P and glutamate then you will have higher pain tolerance

Low pain: If you release A LOT of substance P and glutamate then you have low pain tolerance

Question 9

What is the purpose of bradykins?

Answer 9

It activates nociceptors