Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Physiology lecture > Final Exam Chapter 7 review > Flashcards

Final Exam Chapter 7 review Flashcards

1
Q

Name 4 hormones that promote growth and development

A
  1. Growth Hormone (GH
  2. Thyroid hormones ( T4 & T3)
  3. Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
  4. luetenizing hormone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the energy effects of the thyroid hormones (T3/T4)?

A
  • helps with red blood cell formation
  • maintains sensitivity to oxygen and CO2
  • helps with oxygen consumption
  • utilizes glucose effectively
  • helps with metabolizing fats, carbs, and protein
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the growth effects of the thyroid hormones (T3/T4)?

A
  • It allows GH to exert its full effects
  • bone growth in children
  • neural development
  • promotes secretion of growth hormone
  • heat production, especially in children
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the ANS effects of the thyroid hormones (T3/T4)?

A
  • increases heart heart and blood pressure by contractions
  • Increases sensitivity to sympathetic stimulation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the stimulus (the cause for secretion) for T3/T4 and the source?

A

Stimulus- Increase in TSH

Source- Thyroid gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the target organ/cells for T3/T4?

A

MOST CELLS (brain, heart, muscles, liver, kidneys, and adipose tissue ETC.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What would happen if there was over secretion or under secretion of T3/T4?

A

Over secretion- Hyperthyroidism

Under secretion- Hypothyroidism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the result (function) of TSH?

A

Secretes thyroid hormones T3 and T4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does the growth hormone do?

A
  • Help with growth in the body
  • increases blood glucose levels
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the difference between type 1 and type 2 diabetes?

A

Type 1- It is insulin dependent, the pancreas cannot produce insulin, an autoimmune disorder, not that genetic, have to inject insulin, often develops during childhood, need of insulin pump

Type 2- It is very genetic, the pancreas produces insulin but the cells cannot respond to the insulin properly (GLUT 4 receptors), so it is insulin resistant, most common, associated with obesity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the big difference between insulin and glucagon?

A

Insulin- Decreases blood glucose levels

Glucagon- Increases blood glucose levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the target cells that Insulin and Glucagon target?

A

Insulin- Most cells in their membranes (EXCEPT neurons and kidneys)

Glucagon- Liver, adipose tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the difference between body cell response when Insulin or glucagon bind to the cells?

A

Insulin- Helps with glucose uptake in the cells by increasing transport proteins, enhances ATP production, helps with glycogen formation so glucose can be stored, helps with amino acid absorption and protein synthesis, helps with absorption of glucose in adipose tissue which makes more triglycerides

Glucagon- Helps with breakdown of glycogen in skeletal muscles and liver cells, helps breakdown triglycerides, helps with production of glucose in the liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the difference in liver response when Insulin or glucagon is involved?

A

Insulin- Helps the liver take more glucose to form it into glycogen to be stored

Glucagon- It turns the stored glycogen back into glucose and releases out to the bloodstream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the difference in adipocyte response between insulin and glucagon?

A

Insulin- by helping glucose uptake and makes more triglyceride, and it stops the breaking down of triglycerides and forms them

Glucagon- It helps breakdown of triglycerides to use for glucose,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the stimulus (the cause for secretion) for insulin and the source?

A

Stimulus- High blood glucose levels

Source- Pancreas beta cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the stimulus (the cause for secretion) for glucagon and the source?

A

Stimulus- Low blood glucose levels

Source- Pancreas alpha cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the target organ/cells for Insulin?

A

Most cells (the liver, the skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, Heart, GLUT 4, Etc.)

19
Q

What are the target organ/cells for Glucagon?

A

Liver, Adipose tissue

20
Q

What would happen if there was over secretion or under secretion of Insulin?

A

Over secretion- Low levels of glucose, accelerates glucose production, Storing glucose too fast, forms triglycerides too fast in adipose tissue, turns glucose into glycogen too fast

Under secretion- High levels of glucose in the blood, Breaks down triglycerides too fast, produces glucose and releases it to the blood way too fast (gluconeogenesis)

21
Q

What would happen if there was over secretion or under secretion of Glucagon?

A

Over secretion- Too high of blood glucose levels, Breaks down glycogen too fast and triglycerides, and does gluconeogenesis way too fast

Under secretion- Low blood glucose levels, Doesn’t break down glycogen or triglycerides, stores too much glycogen

22
Q

What is the result (function) of insulin?

A
  • Accelerates glucose uptake in cells
  • utilizes glucose well and makes ATP
  • Makes glycogen
  • makes triglycerides
23
Q

What is the result (function) of Glucagon?

A

breaks down glycogen and triglycerides
- stimulates production of glucose in the liver

24
Q

What is the difference between calcitonin and parathyroid hormones in calcium regulation?

A

Calcitonin- Responds to hypercalcemia in the blood (high calcium levels in the blood), Which slows down osteoclasts which reduces the rate of calcium being released, has the kidney excrete calcium, and prevents the intestines from absorbing calcium

Parathyroid hormones- Responds to hypocalcemia in the blood (low calcium levels), Which increases osteoclasts and increases calcium storage in bones, and increases the absorption of calcium in the intestines,

25
Q

What is the stimulus and source of calcitonin?

A

Stimulus- Increased calcium levels in the bloodstream (hypercalcemia)

Source- Thyroid gland

26
Q

What are the target organs, cells for the hormone calcitonin?

A

Bone, Kidneys, Small intestines

27
Q

What would happen if there was over secretion or under secretion of Calcitonin?

A

Over secretion- Hypocalcemia, it will excrete too much calcium from the kidney, and it will not let the small intestines absorb any calcium

Under secretion- Increase in calcium levels (hypercalcemia), Lets osteoclasts store calcium in the bone, lets the kidney keep in the calcium, and lets the small intestine absorb calcium in the small intestines

28
Q

What is the result (function) of Calcitonin?

A
  • Decrease calcium by slowing the rate of calcium release by osteoclasts
  • stimulates the kidney excretion of calcium
  • Prevents absorption of calcium in the small intestines
29
Q

What is the result (function) of Parathyroid hormones?

A
  • Increases calcium by stimulating the release of calcium by osteoclasts in the bone
  • Stimulates calcium retention in the kidney
  • Allows the small intestine to absorb calcium
30
Q

What is the stimulus (the cause for secretion) for Parathyroid Hormone and the source?

A

Stimulus- Decreased calcium levels in the bloodstream (Hypocalcemia)

Source- Parathyroid glands

31
Q

What are the target organ/cells for Parathyroid Hormones?

A

Bone, Kidneys, Small intestines

32
Q

What would happen if there was over secretion or under secretion of Parathyroid hormones?

A

Over secretion- HYPERCALCEMIA TOO much calcium in the blood, osteoclasts release too much calcium in the bones, Kidney retains too much calcium, Intestines absorb too much calcium

Under secretion- HYPOCALCEMIA, Osteoclasts DO NOT release enough calcium, Kidneys excrete too much calcium, Small intestine DO NOT absorb a lot of calcium

33
Q

Why is cortisol considered the stress hormone

A

Because it is released when your body is in a stressful situation

34
Q

what actions does cortisol do in regards to calcium?

A

It blocks the intestines from absorbing calcium and it increases the excretion of calcium from the kidney

35
Q

What does cortisol do (actions) in high stressful situation?

A
  • Increases glucose levels
  • decreases inflammation
  • Prevents hypoglycemia
  • Makes you more susceptible to illness
36
Q

What does cortisol do (actions) in non stressful situations?

A
  • it is permissive to glucagon and catecholamines (helps them do their full potential)
  • cortisol balances out your glucose levels by going against insulin
37
Q

What is the stimulus (the cause for secretion) for Cortisol and the source?

A

Stimulus- Increase in ACTH, Stress, Circadian rhythms

Source- Adrenal cortex

38
Q

What are the target organ/cells for Cortisol?

A

MOST CELLS (liver, muscle, adipose tissue, and pancreas)

39
Q

What would happen if there was over secretion or under secretion of Cortisol?

A

Over secretion- Cushing’s disease, (fat stored and causes weight gain)

Under secretion- Addison’s disease (weight loss)

40
Q

What is the result (function) of Cortisol?

A
  • Increases glucose and glycogen formation in the liver
  • does anti-inflammatory effects
  • release of lipids from adipose tissue
  • releases amino acids from skeletal muscles
41
Q

What is the result (function) of ACTH?

A

Promotes secretion of glucocorticoids (cortisol, corticosterone, cortisone)

42
Q

What is the stimulus (the cause for secretion) for ACTH and the source?

A

Stimulus- INcrease in CRH from the hypothalamus in response to stress related stimuli

Source- Anterior pituitary gland

43
Q

What are the target organ/cells for ACTH?

A

Adrenal Cortex

44
Q

What would happen if there was over secretion or under secretion of ACTH?

A

Over secretion- Cushing’s disease ( hyperglycemia, fat face and abdomen, osteoporosis etc.)

Under secretion- Addison’s disease ( Hypoglycemia, posture change, weakness, weight loss)

Physiology lecture (37 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions