Chapter 26 Reproductive system

Question 1

What is the cellular result of mitosis in spermatogenesis?

Answer 1

The result is it turns into the primary diploid spermatocyte to help with meiosis (type B)

Question 2

What is the cellular result of mitosis in oogenesis?

Answer 2

The oogonium stem cell is produced and becomes the primary oocyte (type B)

Question 3

What is the cellular result of meiosis in spermatogenesis?

Answer 3

The primary spermatocyte turns into 2 haploid cells then that splits into 4 haploid spermatids and turn into 4 separate sperm at the end

Question 4

What is the cellular result of meiosis in oogenesis?

Answer 4

The primary oocyte stops progression until puberty and then turns into the second oocyte and a polar body when it hits puberty. Then it stays as a secondary oocyte until it is fertilized and the result is a ZYGOTE (fertilized egg) AND A POLAR BODY (nonviable ovum)

Question 5

Where does spermatogenesis occur?

Answer 5

The testes in the seminiferous tubules

Question 6

Where does oogenesis occur?

Answer 6

The cortex in the ovary

Question 7

What is the role of testosterone in males and females?

Answer 7

Males: Sex determination, helps with growth of bones, hiar, penis, organs, spermatogenesis

Females: maintaining sexual desire (libido), supporting bone and muscle health, regulating mood, and contributing to overall energy levels

Question 8

What protects the testis from body heat?

Answer 8

The scrotum

Question 9

What causes an erection in males and females?

Answer 9

Males: The parasympathetic nervous system in the penis the nitric oxide is released and relaxes the smooth muscles in the arterial wall, blood flows in and you get erect

Females: The parasympathetic nervous system in the clitoris the nitric oxide is released and relaxes the smooth muscles in the arterial wall, blood flows in and you get erect

Question 10

Describe each constituent of semen and the function of each (6)

Fructose
prostaglandins
Fibrogen
Seminalplasmin
Profibrinolysin
Bulbouretheral gland

Answer 10

1. Fructose- Provides an energy source for sperm
2. Prostaglandins- stimulates smooth muscle contractions throughout the tract and thins vaginal mucus
3. Fibrinogen- Forms a temporary semen clot in the female reproductive tract
4. Seminalplasmin- Has antimicrobial properties which prevents UTIs in men
5. Profibrinolysin- Breaks down weak coagulum formed after ejaculation
6. Bulbourethral gland- Protects the sperm from the acidic environment so they can live

Question 11

What is the function of interstitial cells?

Answer 11

They produce testosterone

Question 12

What is the function of sustentacular cells?

Answer 12

They help with sperm division, growth, and maturity

Question 13

What is the function of follicle cells?

Answer 13

It essentially surrounds the egg in a woman and protects it and helps it mature and when it is ready for ovulation (mature/fertilization) then it breaks open and releases it

Question 14

What is the function of the zygote cell?

Answer 14

It is a fertilized egg ready to become a baby

Question 15

What is the function of the gamete cells?

Answer 15

It is a sperm and an egg. They are there to carry the genetic information and come together to make a baby

Question 16

What is the function of the corpus luteum?

Answer 16

It secretes progesterone and estrogens to prepare the uterus for pregnancy

Question 17

What hormones does the corpus luteum secrete?

Answer 17

progesterone and estrogens

Question 18

What is the function of the corpus albicans?

Answer 18

It is essentially just scar tissue that forms because of the loss of the corpus luteum on the ovary after pregnancy doesn’t happen

Question 19

What hormones does the corpus albicans secrete?

Answer 19

IT DOES NOT SECRETE ANY HORMONES

Question 20

Describe each phase of the menstrual cycle. Menstrual, Proliferative, and Secretory

Answer 20

Menstrual (day 1-5): The endometrium functional layer is shedded off on the uterus lasts about 1-7 days

Proliferative phase (day 6-14): Endometrium is being rebuilt, the ovum matures and ends with ovulation. (FSH is released, Estrogen, and LH).

Secretory phase(day 15-28): The ruptured follicle after ovulation becomes the corpus luteum and secretes progesterone and estrogen

Question 21

What is the function of the FSH in the ovarian cycle?

Answer 21

FSH stimulates follicles on the ovary to grow and prepare the eggs for ovulation.

Question 22

What is the function of the LH in the ovarian cycle?

Answer 22

It triggers the release of the egg during ovulation

Question 23

Where does fertilization occur?

Answer 23

In the uterine tube (fallopian tube)

Question 24

Where does implantation occur?

Answer 24

In the uterine wall of the fallopian tube

Question 25

Where does capacitation occur?

Answer 25

The uterine tube or the female reproductive tract

Question 26

What is the function of oxytocin in lactation?

Answer 26

It stimulates (starts) milk ejection

Question 27

What is the function of prolactin in lactation?

Answer 27

It stimulates (starts) the making of the milk

Question 28

What is the purpose of the prostate gland?

Answer 28

it produces prostatic fluid that increases the volume of semen (makes more of it) and helps semen travel out during ejaculation

Question 29

What is the purpose of the endometrium?

Answer 29

It is the lining of the uterus where fertilized egg implants. Helps support and grow the fetus.