Final Exam chapter 3 review

Question 1

Define the plasma membrane in a cell

Answer 1

Gives shape it’s form and separates it from the external environment

Question 2

What are the three molecules that make up a phospholipid?

Answer 2

Phosphate, Glycerol, and fatty acid chains

Question 3

Which part of the phospholipid bilayer are hydrophilic and hydrophobic?

Answer 3

Hydrophilic- the head (phosphate and glycerol)

Hydrophobic- The tails (the fatty acids)

Question 4

How does each side of the plasma membrane interact with lipids?

Answer 4

The fatty acid tails love to react with lipids and the phosphate and glycerol head hate to react with them and are lipophobic

Question 5

WHat types of molecules get through the plasma membrane without a channel?

Answer 5

Lipid soluble

Question 6

What does cholesterol do in the plasma membrane?

Answer 6

It manages the fluidity in the plasma membrane

Question 7

What does the cholesterol do to the plasma membrane when the temperature gets hot and when it gets cold?

Answer 7

Hot-provides structure makes it more stiff
Cold- breaks up fatty acids to be more permeable

Question 8

What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats?

Answer 8

Saturated: only hydrogen connected continually, straight fatty acid tails

Unsaturated: Bent fatty acid tails, double bonded carbon

Question 9

What is the function of Kinesin?

Answer 9

It does forward movement toward the plasma membrane in the cytoskeleton (anterograde movement) vesicle transport

Question 10

What is the function of Dynein?

Answer 10

It does forward and backward movement in the cytoskeleton (retrograde movement) vesicle transport

Question 11

What is the smooth endoplasmic reticulum responsible for?

Answer 11

Produces phospholipids, cholesterol, steroid hormones, glycerides, stores calcium and produces glycogen, does detox as well

Question 12

What is the functions of phospholipids and cholesterol in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 12

supports growth and maintenance of cell membranes

Question 13

What are the 3 ways the golgi apparatus transports proteins?

Answer 13

1. integrates the proteins to the plasma membrane (replace it)
2. exocytosis (out to be secreted)
   3.endocytosis (stay to be lysosomes)

Question 14

What are lysosomes?

Answer 14

They eat bad things and break them down

Question 15

What are the function of lysosomes? (3)

Answer 15

1. Digest old or dead organelles
2. degrades engulfed foreign material using endocytosis and exocytosis
3. destroys damaged or non-useful tissues with autolysis/apoptosis

Question 16

Out of these characteristics determine if they belong to lysosomes, proteosomes, or peroxisomes.

• Organelle degradation
• Uses catalase to neutralize H2O2
• Uses proteolytic enzymes
• Can be responsible for cell destruction
• Targets lipid oxidation
• Targets misfolded proteins
• Targets viral particles
• Not a true organelle

Answer 16

• Organelle degradation- Lysosome
• Uses catalase to neutralize H2O2- peroxisome
• Uses proteolytic enzymes- Proteosome
• Can be responsible for cell destruction- Lysosome
• Targets lipid oxidation- Peroxisomes
• Targets misfolded proteins- Proteosome
• Targets viral particles- Lysosome
• Not a true organelle- Peroxisome

Question 17

What is the function of peroxisomes?

Answer 17

Breaks down the hydrogen peroxide to oxygen and water and neutralizes the cell

Question 18

What do peroxisomes contain?

Answer 18

They contain a catalase enzyme IT IS A STRUCTURE

Question 19

What is the function of Cilia?

Answer 19

It moves in unison to create a current that moves substances across the cell surface

Question 20

What is the function of microvilli?

Answer 20

To increase the surface area, and to have better absorption

Question 21

What is the function of the centriole?

Answer 21

playing a crucial role in cell division by organizing the mitotic spindle

Question 22

Where might you find cells with motile cilia? What are they moving?

Answer 22

The respiratory system (trachea), and it is moving up to the throat to swallow the mucous and to keep it away from the lungs