Final Exam Chapter 16 review Flashcards
What is the function of hemoglobin?
It carries oxygen in the red blood cell
Where is the location of hemoglobin?
In red blood cells
Explain the structure of hemoglobin
Each hemoglobin molecule has 4 polypeptide chains
- Each polypeptide chain contains a single heme molecule
- Each heme molecule has one iron molecule
- and each iron molecule has one oxygen molecule
How much hemoglobin is there on red blood cells/ in the body?
270 million hemoglobin in ONE RED BLOOD CELL
How much oxygen can one hemoglobin carry?
4 oxygen molecules
What are the products when red blood cells are broken down during hemolysis? (3)
- Heme
- Amino acids
- Iron
What can be recycled during hemolysis? (2)
- Amino Acids
- Iron
What is the difference in the intrinsic and extrinsic pathway during the coagulation phase
Intrinsic: It is the contact activation pathway that does it when collagen is exposed. does a cascade effect to activate factor X
Extrinsic: It is the cell injury pathway and is a more direct and shorter pathway the TF complex activated factor X no cascade effect needed
How does having no mitochondria affect energy production in erythrocyte cells? (blood cells)
They are unable to get energy from the oxidative cycle via aerobic energy. So it relies on the breakdown of glucose and anaerobic energy.
What is the common pathway step by step in the coagulation phase? (start with factor X) (5)
- Begins when enzymes from either the intrinsic or extrinsic pathways activated Factor X
- Prothrombinase in formed by Factor X
- Prothrombinase converts prothrombin to thrombin
- Thrombin either goes back to intrinsic pathway as a positive feedback thing OR thrombin converts fibrinogen to fibrin
- factor VIII stabilizes the fibrin clot
What does nitric oxide and prostacyclin prevent?
Prevents platelets from adhering to the walls of the vessels
What is affected in hemophilia A and hemophilia B?
hemophilia A: It is a mutation of factor VIII (8), X recessive gene link by mom
hemophilia B: It is a mutation of factor IX (9), X recessive gene link by mom
What are continuous capillaries and their functions?
They are endothelium complete lining capillaries connected by tight junctions
Functions: Prevent blood loss, keep plasma in the blood, allows passage of water, solutes, and lipid-soluble materials
What are fenestrated capillaries and their functions?
They help with quicker filtration (#2 fastest). They contain pores to do that and are located in the choroid plexus, endocrine organs, and kidneys
What are sinusoids capillaries and their functions?
They are capillaries that are larger and more permeable that allow blood cells and huge substances to go through by gaps between adjacent cells.
