Chapter 1 Flashcards
What is the definition of anatomy?
THe study of the structure of body parts and their relationship with one another
What is the definition of physiology?
The study of how the body performs
What is the definition of Pathophysiology?
The study of disorder of functioning
Explain red blood cells in anatomy, physiological, and pathophysiological terms
You got this don’t even need an answer. BUT MAKE SURE TO DO IT
What is the definition of interstitial fluid?
It is a liquid that surrounds cells, and is in the spaces between cells.
What is the definition of Intracellular fluid
It is liquid that is found inside of cells.
What is the definition of Equilibrium
Different components of the body that are equal
What is the definition of Dynamic steady state
Where the system stays in a stable state but constantly undergoes change.
What is the definition of Cellular differentiation
Where a cell changes to become another type of cell.
What is the definition of Totipotent stem cells
It is a type of stem cell that can turn into any supportive or adult cells.
What is the definition of Pluripotent stem cells
A type of stem cell that is able to change into any different cells in adult bodies only
What is the definition of multipotent stem cells
A type of adult stem cell that changes into different specific cell lineages
What is the definition of intrinsic regulation
It is a basic automatic response where it uses tissues, cells, and organs to continue staying in homeostasis
What is the definition of extrinsic regulation
Maintains homeostasis by the help of the nervous/endocrine system
What is the definition of negative feedback
When the body responds to something it goes against that response. So, it can get the body back to its steady state.
What is the definition of positive feedback
When the body responds to something and amplifies that response instead of going against the response. It goes back to a homeostatic state when the situation is over.
What are the levels of organization in order? (6)
Chemical
Cell
Tissue
Organ
System
Organism
What is the definition of chemical in the levels of organization?
Atoms and molecules that make up the building blocks of life. NON LIVING
What is the definition of Cell in the levels of organization?
Basic unit of structure and function of living things
What is the definition of Tissue in the levels of organization?
A group of similar cells that do the same function
What is the definition of Organ in the levels of organization?
A group of two or more tissues that do the same function
What is the definition of System in the levels of organization?
A group of organs that work together to perform the same functions
What is the definition of Organism in the levels of organization?
Systems working together in coordination
What is the differences between epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissue?
Epithelial- Covers and lines
Connective- supports and gives structure
Muscle- movement
Nervous- control through conduction
What is the definition of Homeostasis?
Unchanging, the bodies ability to maintain stable internal conditions even though there is continuous change
Name all 11 organ systems (MURDER IN SLC)
- Muscular
- Urinary
- Respiratory
- Digestive
- Endocrine
- Reproductive
- Integumentary
- Nervous
- Skeletal
- Lymphatic
- Cardiovascular
What is the difference between equilibrium and steady state?
Equilibrium- This is a state where things are balanced and not changing
Steady state- This is when things are changing, but they’re doing so at a consistent rate, so the overall system looks stable
What are some examples of the difference between equilibrium and steady state?
Equilibrium- if you have a cup of water sitting still, it’s in equilibrium if the water level stays constant and there’s no movement.
Steady state- if you have a river flowing into a lake at the same rate that water is flowing out, the lake’s water level stays the same, even though the water is constantly moving.
What is the definition of Homeostatic regulation?
The adjustment of physiological systems to maintain homeostasis
What is the definition of intrinsic regulation?
A simple automatic response of organs, tissues, and cells to maintain homeostasis
What is the definition of extrinsic regulation?
Requires help from the nervous or endocrine system to maintain homeostasis
What are the 5 parts of homeostatic regulation in systems?
- Stimulus
- Receptor (sends input signal)
- Control center (sends output signal)
- Effector
- Response
Describe the 5 parts of homeostatic regulation in systems (definitions)
- Stimulus- change in the external environment
- Receptor (sends input signal)- whatever is sensitive to a particular stimulus
- Control center (sends output signal)- Receives and processes the information sent from the cell or organ that responds to the control center command
- Effector- cell or organ that responds to the control center command
- Response- Restoration of homeostatic set point
What is the definition of the homeostasis set point?
Range of desired value affected by antagonistic effectors
what is the set point in humans for blood pH, blood pressure, and body temperature
Blood pH7.35-7.45
Blood pressure: below 120/ and below 80
Body temperature: 98.8 degrees fahrenheit
