Feedback Control - Vital Signs

Question 1

what is a normal pulse rate?

Answer 1

60-100bpm

Question 2

what is a normal resting respiratory rate?

Answer 2

12-20 breaths per minute

Question 3

what is a normal capillary refill time?

Answer 3

less than 2 secodns

Question 4

what is core body temperature and what is the usual value?

Answer 4

the temperature of the structures deep within the body

usually around 37.8

Question 5

what are three possible sites for monitoring body temperature?

Answer 5

ear drum/tympanic
rectal
oral

Question 6

what type of feedback mechanism is involved in maintaining body temperature?

Answer 6

negative feedback

Question 7

what are the sensors involved in maintaining body temperature?

Answer 7

central and peripheral thermoreceptors

Question 8

what is the control centre involved in maintaining body temperature?

Answer 8

hypothalamus

Question 9

what are the effectors involved in maintaining body temperature?

Answer 9

skeletal muscle
skin arterioles
sweat glands

Question 10

what part of the hypothalamus is activated by cold temperatures?

Answer 10

posteror hypothalamic centre

Question 11

what part of the hypothalamus is activated by hot temperatures?

Answer 11

anterior hypothalamic centre

Question 12

what is the role of the hypothalamus in body temperature?

Answer 12

maintains the temperature at a set point

Question 13

what happens to raise temperature in fever?

Answer 13

macrophages release chemicals that stimulate prostaglandin release

these work on the hypothalamus to reset the set temperature to a higher value

the cold response is then initiated to raise the body temperature to this new set point

Question 14

what temperature is considered to be fever?

Answer 14

38-40

Question 15

what temperature is considered to be hyperthermia?

Answer 15

above 40

Question 16

what temperature is considered to be hypothermia?

Answer 16

35 or below