Anatomy: Reproductive System Flashcards
what are gametes?
haploid sex cells
what is the male gamete?
spermatozoa
what is the female gamete?
oocyte/ovum
what produces gametes?
gonads
what are the male gonads?
testes
what are the female gonads?
ovaries
what is produced during fertilisation?
a diploid zygote
where does normal fertilisation take place?
the ampulla of the uterine tube
where is the pelvic cavity found?
the bony pelvis
what is the pelvic inlet?
the way into the pelvic cavity from the abdominal cavity
what is the pelvic outlet?
the way out of the perineum from the pelvis
what is the pelvic floor?
an internal wall made from skeletal muscle
what does the pelvic floor separate?
the pelvic cavity and the perineum
where is the perineum found?
inferior to the pelvic floor, between the proximal parts of the lower limbs
what forms the pelvic roof?
the parietal peritoneum
what is the parietal peritoneum?
the lining of the abdominal cavity
what is the most inferior part of the peritobeal cavity in an upright female patient?
the rectouterine pouch
what is another name for the rectouterine pouch?
the pouch of douglas
what are the female reproductive organs?
the ovaries
what are the female accessory reproductive organs?
the uterine tubes, uterus and vagina
what are the three layers of the body of the uterus, from inside to outside?
endometrium
myometrium
perimetrium
where does an ova develop?
in the ovaries
where is a mature ova released into at the beginning of a menstrual cycle?
the peritoneal cavity
how does an ovum get into the infundibulum of the uterine tube?
the fimbriae gather it and put it in
what moves the ovum along the uterine tube?
cilia
what happens during menstruation?
an unfertilised ovum is expelled by contractions of the myometrium
where does implantation of the fertilised ovum implant?
the body of the uterus
what is an ectopic pregnancy?
when a fertilised ovum implants outside of the uterine cavity
state two examples of where an ectopic pregnancy coukd implant?
uterine tube
abdominal cavity
why is an ectopic pregnancy a potential emergency?
there is danger of haemorrhage
how can a female be sterilised?
tubal ligation of both uterine tubes, preventing an egg passing through and being fertilised
where do the testes originate during development?
on the posterior wall of the abdominal cavity
where do the testes descend to by birth?
the scrotum
how do the testes move to the scrotum?
passing through the inguinal canal in the anterior abdominal wall
what is the tube that sperm passes through called?
the vas deferens
what connects the testes to the urethra?
the vas deferens
what produces sperm?
the seminiferous tubules
what controls temperature in the seminiferous tubules?
dartos muscle
how long does it take for sperm to mature?
64 days
where does sperm pass through when it exits the seminiferous tubules?
the rete testes and then the head of the epididymis
what does the epididymis become?
the vas deferens
what three things does the spermatic cord contain?
vas deferens
testicular artery
pampiniform plexus of veins
what is torsion of the testis?
twisting of the spermatic cord
what is there a risk of in patients with torsion of the testis?
testicular necrosis
what are the two functions of the prostatic urethra?
drains urine from the bladder
passes semen in ejaculation
what does the seminal gland produce?
seminal fluid
what are the two types of urethra?
spongy and prostatic
what are the male reproductive organs?
the testes
what are the four male accessory reproductive organs?
vas deferens
seminal glands
prostate gland
penis
how can males be sterilised?
via vasectomy, the transection and closing of the vas deferens bilaterally
