Antibiotics + Resistance Flashcards
what is a bactericidal antibiotic?
one that kills bacteria
what is a bacteriostatic antibiotic?
one that inhibits bacterial growth
what is a narrow spectrum antibiotic?
one that acts on a limited range of bacteria
what is a broad spectrum antibiotic?
one that works on a wide range of gram negative and positive bacteria
what are the three possible methods by which antibiotics work?
acting on the bacterial cell wall
affecting the bacterial ribosomes
acting on bacterial DNA
name three groups of antibiotics that act on the bacterial cell wall
penicillin’s
cephalosporin’s
glycopeptides
what effect does a penicillin have on bacteria?
it inhibits cell wall synthesis
is penicillin bactericidal or bacteriostatic?
bactericidal
how are penicillin’s excreted?
rapidly via the kidneys
what structural feature is found in some penicillin’s?
a beta lactam ring
name five different types of penicillin’s
penicillin flucloxacillin amoxicillin co-amoxiclav tazobactam/piperacillin
what are the three forms of penicillin?
benzylpenicillin
phenoxymethyl penicillin
long acting penicillin
how is benzylpenicillin administered?
IV
what is another name for benzylpenicillin?
penicillin G
what is another name for phenoxymethyl penicillin?
penicillin V
how is phenoxymethyl penicillin administered?
orally
how is long acting penicillin administered?
IM
what two methods of administration can be used for flucloxacillin?
IV and oral
is flucloxacillin broad or narrow spectrum?
very narrow
what organisms can flucloxacillin be used to treat?
gram positive staph and strep only
what methods of administration can be used for amoxicillin?
IV and oral
what can bacteria produce that destroys amoxicillin and why?
beta lactamase, as it destroys the beta lactam ring within it
what methods of administration can be used for co-amoxiclav?
IV and oral
what is co-amoxiclav?
a combination of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid
what is clavulanic acid and what effect does this have on amoxicillin?
a beta lactamase inhibitor
extends the range of bacteria which can be treated with amoxicillin
how is Piperacillin/tazobactam administered?
IV only
what is Piperacillin/tazobactam?
a combination of an antibiotic and a beta lactamase inhibitor
what does Piperacillin/tazobactam treat?
everything besides MRSA infection and ESBL-producing organisms
what does ESBL stand for?
extended spectrum beta lactamases
how do cephalosporins work?
inhibit cell wall synthesis by preventing cross-linking of peptidoglycan
are cephalosporins bactericidal or bacteriostatic?
bactericidal
how are cephalosporins excreted?
via kidneys and urine
are cephalosporins safe in pregnancy?
yes
what structural feature is found in cephalosporins?
a beta lactam ring