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Y1 Principles > Anatomy: Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Anatomy: Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

what two systems make up the circulatory system?

A

cardiovascular system

lymphatic system

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2
Q

what are the three components of the cardiovascular system?

A

arterial system
heart
venous system

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3
Q

what are the two main circulations of the cardiovascular system?

A

pulmonary circulation

systemic circulation

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4
Q

what are the three layers of the heart, from inside to outside?

A

epicardium
myocardium
endocardium

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5
Q

what is the epicardium?

A

visceral serous pericardium

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6
Q

what is the myocardium?

A

cardiac muscle layer

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7
Q

what is the endocardium?

A

endothelial layer of the heart

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8
Q

what are the four chambers of the heart?

A

left atrium
left ventricle
right ventricle
right atrium

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9
Q

what forms the posterior surface of the heart?

A

the left atrium

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10
Q

what forms the left border of the heart?

A

the left ventricle

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11
Q

what forms most of the anterior surface of the heart?

A

the right ventricle

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12
Q

what forms the right border of the heart?

A

the right atrium

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13
Q

what do cardiac valves ensure?

A

unidirectional blood flow

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14
Q

what are the three layers of a blood vessel from insid e to outside?

A

tunica intima
tunica media
tunica adventitia

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15
Q

what is the tunica intima made of?

A

endothelium

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16
Q

what is the tunica media made of?

A

smooth muscle and elastic fibres

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17
Q

what is the tunica adventitia made of?

A

connective tissue

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18
Q

what is a neurovascular bundle made of?

A

nerve
artery
vein

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19
Q

what type of blood do most arteries carry?

A

oxygenated

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20
Q

what is bifurcation?

A

artery dividing in two

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21
Q

what is trifurcation?

A

artery dividing in three

22
Q

what is vasodilation?

A

relaxation of smooth muscle widening the lumen to increase blood flow

23
Q

what is vasoconstriction?

A

contraction of smooth muscle to reduce blood flow

24
Q

what is sympathetic tone?

A

background low level of contraction of smooth muscle in arterioles

25
Q

what causes sympathetic tone?

A

tonic conduction of action potentials to arterioles by sympathetic nerves

26
Q

what is an anastomosis?

A

where arteries connect with each other without an intervening capillary network

27
Q

what does an anastomosis provide?

A

alternative routes for blood to flow to supply cells distal to an occlusion

28
Q

what is each alternative route in an anastomosis called?

A

a collateral

29
Q

what is a disadvantage of collaterals?

A

they bleed on both sides of a cut

30
Q

what is an end artery?

A

the only arterial blood supply to a given area of the body

31
Q

what does untreated occlusion of an end artery result in?

A

infarction of its territory

32
Q

what is infarction?

A

irreversible cell death due to hypoxia

33
Q

what causes fingertip infarction?

A

occlusion of a digital artery branch

34
Q

what causes retinal infarction?

A

occlusion of the central artery of the retina

35
Q

what causes myocardial infarction?

A

occlusion of a coronary artery

36
Q

what are the four parts of the aorta?

A

ascending
arch of the aorta
thoracic
abdominal

37
Q

what are the two branches on the ascending aorta?

A

left and right coronary artery

38
Q

what are the three branches of the arch of the aorta?

A

brachiocephalic trunk
left common carotid
right subclavian

39
Q

describe the arterial blood flow from heart to wrist

A

subclavian artery
axillary artery
brachial artery
bifurcates into radial and ulnar

40
Q

what does the abdominal aorta branch into?

A

the common iliac arteries

41
Q

what do the common iliac arteries supply?

A

the pelvis, perineum and lower limbs

42
Q

what do the common iliac arteries branch into?

A

external iliac artery

internal iliac artery

43
Q

what does the external iliac artery supply?

A

lower limbs

44
Q

what does the internal iliac artery supply?

A

pelvis and perineum

45
Q

where is the carotid pulse found?

A

at the bifurcation of the common carotid artery

46
Q

where is the femoral artery pulse found?

A

the continuation of the external iliac artery in the groin

47
Q

where is the brachial artery pulse found?

A

anterior to the elbow joint

48
Q

where is the radial artery pulse found?

A

radial side of the palmar aspect of the wrist

49
Q

where is the popliteal artery pulse found?

A

posterior to the knee joint

50
Q

what are the two sets of veins in the body?

A

superficial veins

deep veins

51
Q

what are the two main venous systems of the body?

A

hepatic portal venous system

systemic venous system

Y1 Principles (38 decks)

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