Ecografie

Question 1

Ultrasunete

Answer 1

> 2000 mhz

Directionabile, reflexie, refractie
Se propaga prost prim aer os metal(d aia pun gel)

Question 2

Tipuri de eco

Answer 2

Mod m-miscari
Bidimensionala-in timp real
Doppler-velocitatea fluxului sangvin
Tdi=tissue doppler imaging=volcitate miocard
2d speckle tracking-strain(deformare)
3d
Tee-transesofagiana
Eco contrast si eco iv

Question 3

Eco bidimensionala

Answer 3

Pune cam parasternal stang: ax lung ax scurt
Apical 4/2
Subdiafragmatic(contrast cu ficatu)-de ex la emfizem; se vede bn septul interatrial(foramen ovale, sunt dr stanga-crd)

Question 4

Indiastola cum sunt valvele

Answer 4

Deschuse amd

Gen si mirrala si aortica

Question 5

Dc imi trb 2 camere

Answer 5

In boala cardiaca ischemica pt zone akinetice sau hipokinetice

Question 6

Fe cum

Answer 6

Incidenta apicala ptc parasternala axu nu se vede

Question 7

Mid m

Answer 7

Miscari in fct de timp
Seamana cu ekg(timp cm)

Masor diam in sistola si diastola

Valva mitrala-ant M, post W
M-se desc in diastola, se inchide putin si dupa aia e contractia atriala

Aorta desch sistola inchisa disstola
Avantaj rezolutie temp mare

Acum se folos pt masurare grosimi pereti chiar si fe

Question 8

Doppler

Answer 8

Frecv unda si v relativa
Vine spre obs rosu
Pleaca albastru

Cand vine frecv mare

Diferenta de frecv e dp cu viteza
Cel mai bn ar fi daxa eram in vas

Question 9

Doppler pulsat

Answer 9

Localizare precisa
Viteza=velocitate mica(<2)

Flux transmitral, tricuspidian, tranct de ejectie vs, vd
Flux venos pulmonar si suprah

Mai ex si doppler color-regurgitrari cu v f mare apar mozaic culoare(>2) turbulent

Question 10

Doppler continuu

Answer 10

Localizare imprecisa
Velocitati mari

Flux aortic pulmonar
Gradier transvalvular
Regurgitari valvulare

In patologii

Question 11

Doppler spectral

Answer 11

Viteza in fct de timp

Aflam flux in valve

Question 12

Flux transmitral

Answer 12

Unda e- diastola, relaxare si intra sange(depinde de gradientul as vs)
Unda a-contractie atriala
(In vs)

Timo de decelare-unda e=rata de scadere a velocitatii umplerii corespunde rata de crestere a pres in vs

Daca pres sunt mari undele se oores brusc

Question 13

Umplere la presiuni mari

Answer 13

Ins ca in vs e pres mare deci si in as tre sa fie

Question 14

Disf disstolice tipuri

Answer 14

1relaxare intarziata(timp decelerare lund, e/a<1, presiuni normale

2 restrictiv(timp decelerare scurt, e/a>1) preaiuni cresute; e/a>2 
Atriul n are forta sa pompeze asa mult ca i ores f mare in vs

In fia dispare unda a

Question 15

P sistolica vs=p aorta

Answer 15

120

Question 16

P diastolica vs=p as

Answer 16

12

Question 17

P in aorta cand cordul e in diastola e 80 dar in vs e 12. Dc?

Answer 17

Aorta e elastica si mentine pres

Question 18

Dispneea cel mai imp dererminant

Answer 18

Presiunea de umplere..nuj

Question 19

Eco sca

Answer 19

1anomalia de miscare a peretelui(hipok=>akin, diskin-miscare spre exterior si subtiere perete, anevrism-bombare in ext si subtirre sistolica in diatola) afectarea ingrisarii sistolice a oeretelui+miscare endocardica redusa spre interior

Aproximarea e calitativa; extindere prin nr de segmente de oerete

2afectare pompa(imp pt killip)
Fe-vizual sau simpson

3 pres de umplere si pattern transmitral

4complicatii(tromb-langa perete imobil, anevrism, rm acuta ischemica, infarct de vd, dsv, ruptura perete liber vs, r pericardica, pseudoanevrism-peticit de pericard)

Question 20

Eco sca pereti

Answer 20

Indica artera coronara afectata
Gradul si extinderea depinde de severitatea ischemiei care depinde de localizare tromb

Daca e subtiat sau f ecogen e fibroza=vechi

Question 21

Bullseye

Answer 21

Ai cu coronarele

Question 22

Eco sca cu cn seamana

Answer 22

Scc
Perete hibernant tit hipokinetic e
Sechela e akin

Question 23

Ochiometris as=

Answer 23

Aorta asc

Question 24

Cum se misca septul in sistola

Answer 24

Spre interior

Question 25

Contrast spontan

Answer 25

Fum de tigara Mai ecogen Semn ca se fac trombi Presiuni de umplere mari

Question 26

Eco ic

Answer 26

1 ev global fct sistolica Fe cu simpson sau eco3d Diam vs telesistolic si telediastolic si fractia se scurtare(parasternal ax scurt)nu e super ok Miscare catre apex a mirralei MAPSE(mod m) Doppler tisular(sept si per lat in reg inel mitral) ``` 2ev fct diastolica E PRIMA CARE APARE Flux transmitemral cu doppler pulsat Marime as normala=>exclude cr pres vs E/e’ doppler tisular<8 exculde pres telediastolic cres Crestere pap ```

Question 27

Eco cardiomiopatii

Answer 27

Grosime pereti hvs sau boala de depozit Marime cavitati cmd, arvd, cmr Cinetica parietala cmd, cmr Pericard dg dif cmr

Question 28

Atriu dilatat duce la

Answer 28

Presiune crescuta telediastolica in ventricul

Question 29

Cardiomiopatie cu miocard noncompactat trabeculat

Answer 29

Cm prin noncompactare Criterii jeni Suspiciune eco Dg prin rmn

Question 30

Eco valvulopatii

Answer 30

Integritate morfologie anatomie mobilitate Cauze mecanisme Semne acut cronic Severitate

Question 31

Eco vm

Answer 31

Rm acuta Rm cronica St m

Question 32

Eco pericard

Answer 32

Efuzie in infectii neoplasm imuno Tamponada-colaps cavitati Flux transmitral variaza exagerat cu resoiratia Flux transmitral si bv SCAD CU INSPIR VCI NU VARIAZA CU RESP Colapsul se vede in fereastra subdiafragm

Question 33

Unde n am niciodata lichid pericardic

Answer 33

Posterios de as

Question 34

Eco embolie

Answer 34

Vd dilatat si hipokinetic-semn de epa grava Estimare paps in vd normal posibil sa n am semne de embolie acuta masiva ptc nu poate sa creasca atat de mult pres Miscare siv cu aspect de D in ax scurt si se misca spre vd Trombi in ap

Question 35

Eco epa acut

Answer 35

Semn mcconnel perete vd hipokinetic cu apex vd hiperkinetic Tap (timp de accelerare in ap)- scurt si anvelopa crestata Senn 60/60 paps<60 sintap<60

Question 36

Eco aorta

Answer 36

Dilatari Ateromatoza Disectie si trombi

Question 37

Ser barbotat

Answer 37

Opaciaza doar cav drepte | Daca opacifiaza cav stangi=> sunt dreapta stanga

Question 38

Severitatea stenozei eco

Answer 38

Parasternal scurt pe mitrala Se deseneaza mitrala Sau Pht

Question 39

Pressure half time

Answer 39

Aria mitrala=220:pressure half timeo

Question 40

Cum se estimeaza pres din ad?

Answer 40

Cu vena cava Daca vc e dilatata si n are colaps in inspir ores f mare Daca i filatata dar are colap 10 mm Daca nu i nici nici e normala si cam 5

Question 41

La fia si bav ce defibrilatir am nev

Answer 41

Monocameral

Question 42

Tipuri disf diastolica

Answer 42

Normal Usor(relax intarziata) Pseudonormal Grav

Question 43

La valsalva

Answer 43

Scade pres de umolere si pres in cac cardiace=> demascam aspectul de relaxare intarziata(la pseudonormal)

Question 44

Umplere la p crescute(pe grafic nu uita)

Answer 44

Se muta graficul sus

Question 45

Doppler mai face si

Answer 45

Bernouli ca am viteza hematiilor Pap=p vd =>pvd-pad=4v patrat Masor debit cardiac Obtin distanta din timpxviteza, masor diametru,==> Calculez volum bataie=> Integrala timp velocitatex aria=debit cardiac (x frecventa) Ecuatia de continuitate Ceva cu vri si tract de ej=> Suprafata aorta => a1xvti1=a2xvti2

Question 46

Integrala timp velogitate

Answer 46

Puta aia in jos

Question 47

Pt toate valvulopatiile cu stenoza

Answer 47

Pres mare inainte de stenoza si ores mica dupa=> | Gradient presiune

Question 48

Tdi

Answer 48

Culoare in miocard 2d color si doppler puls Masuram viteza plafonului mitral Tit cu e, a

Question 49

Speckel tracking=de defirmare

Answer 49

Puricii sunt transf in calitate Vedem cum se def o bucata de miocard Miscarea miocard

Question 50

Eco 3d

Answer 50

Volum vs e cam ovalar elipsoidal | La vd ne trb 3d ca i dubios corelatie buna cu rmn pt fe si volume

Question 51

Ttransesof

Answer 51

Embol in ureche stanga, ecou spontan, foramen obale patent Aorta desc(f post, langa esofag, sunt vecine) Priteze valvulare Endocardite(daca s mici ne scapa)

Question 52

Sm eco

Answer 52

Deschidere in dom | Ecou de staza

Question 53

In eco subst de ct e

Answer 53

Lichid cu microbule Pt cav si pereti(gen delimitez mai bn) Se vede pana si vascularizatia

Question 54

Alternanta electrica

Answer 54

Swinging heart