Drugs to Treat Hyperlipidemia Flashcards

1
Q

statins

A
  • competitively block HMG-CoA Reductase, the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol synth pathway
  • also stabilize plaques, reduce inflammation, reverse endothelial dysfunction, decrease thrombogenicity
  • risk of bilateral muscle pain, diabetes, hepatitis, cognitive effects
  • metabolized via CYP450 pathway
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

ezetimibe

A
  • cholesterol absorption inhibitor that impairs dietary and biliary cholesterol absorption at the brush border of the intestine
  • inhibit the Niemann-Pick C1 like 1 (NPC1L1) protein
  • risk of hepatitis, rhabdomyolysis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q
  • Alirocumab (Praluent®)

- Evolocumab (Repatha®)

A
  • PCSK9-inhibitors

- antibodies against PCSK9 interfere with its binding of the LDL-R, this leads to higher LDL-R and less LDL-C levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q
  • colesevalam
  • colestipol
  • cholestyramine
A

Bile Acid Sequestrants

  • used to reduce LDL by binding bile acids and preventing their reabsorption
  • contraindicated in pts with dysbetalipoproteinemia
  • risk of GI effects, vitamin ADEK deficiency, PKU
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Fibrates

A
  • Fibrates activate PPARɑ to increase the expression of genes that encode enzymes that increase the metabolism of triglycerides and enhances the production of HDL
  • risk of hepatitis, GI effects, gallstones, myopathy, presence in breast milk
  • many drug interxns: bile acid sequestrants, colchicine…
  • GEMFIBROZIL is CYP2C8 inhibitor
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Niacin

vitamin B3

A
  • lowers VLDL and LDL, antioxidant

- risk of flushing, blood glucose elevation, uric acid elevation, hepatitis, and muscle toxicity, prolonged PT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly