Drugs for Glaucoma

Question 1

betaxolol

Answer 1

• β-blocker
• Reduces the production of aqueous humor by the ciliary body via blocking β receptors
• risk of bradycardia, bronchospasm, hyperlipidemia, dry eyes

Question 2

timolol

Answer 2

• β-blocker
• Reduces the production of aqueous humor by the ciliary body via blocking β receptors
• this is the preferred drug because it lack s local anesthetic effects, and is a full antagonist
• risk of bradycardia, bronchospasm, hyperlipidemia, dry eyes

Question 3

metipranolol

Answer 3

• β-blocker
• Reduces the production of aqueous humor by the ciliary body via blocking β receptors
• risk of bradycardia, bronchospasm, hyperlipidemia, dry eyes

Question 4

levobunolol

Answer 4

• β-blocker
• Reduces the production of aqueous humor by the ciliary body via blocking β receptors
• risk of bradycardia, bronchospasm, hyperlipidemia, dry eyes

Question 5

carteolol

Answer 5

• β-blocker
• Reduces the production of aqueous humor by the ciliary body via blocking β receptors
• risk of bradycardia, bronchospasm, hyperlipidemia, dry eyes

Question 6

apraclonidine

Answer 6

• α2-receptor agonist
• Decrease the rate of the aqueous humor production by stimulating α2-receptors
• risk of allergic rxn, headache, fatigue, dry mouth

Question 7

brimonidine

Answer 7

• α2-receptor agonist
• Decrease the rate of the aqueous humor production by stimulating α2-receptors, and increases rate of uveoscleral outflow by relaxing ciliary muscle
• this is the preferred α2-receptor agonist because of a lack of allergic reactions

Question 8

latanoprost

Answer 8

• prostaglandin analog
• reduce intraocular pressure by increasing uveoscleral and conventional outflow of aqueous humor
• more efficient than β-blocker
• risk of corneal erosions, conjunctival hyperemia, iris hyperpigmentation, and hypertrichosis

Question 9

bimatoprost

Answer 9

• prostaglandin analog, MOST EFFECTIVE
• reduce intraocular pressure by increasing uveoscleral and conventional outflow of aqueous humor
• more efficient than β-blocker
• risk of corneal erosions, conjunctival hyperemia, iris hyperpigmentation, and hypertrichosis

Question 10

travoprost

Answer 10

• prostaglandin analog
• reduce intraocular pressure by increasing uveoscleral and conventional outflow of aqueous humor
• more efficient than β-blocker
• risk of corneal erosions, conjunctival hyperemia, iris hyperpigmentation, and hypertrichosis

Question 11

brinzolamide

Answer 11

• topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
• decreases pressure of aqueous humor
• risk of N/V, weight loss, paresthesia, renal stones, red eyes

Question 12

dorzolamide

Answer 12

• topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
• decreases pressure of aqueous humor
• risk of N/V, weight loss, paresthesia, renal stones, red eyes

Question 13

acetazolamide

Answer 13

• systemic carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
• decreases pressure of aqueous humor
• risk of N/V, weight loss, paresthesia, renal stones, red eyes

Question 14

methazolamide

Answer 14

• systemic carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
• decreases pressure of aqueous humor
• risk of N/V, weight loss, paresthesia, renal stones, red eyes

Question 15

carbachol

Answer 15

• muscarinic receptor agonist
• activate M3 receptors directly to increase aqueous humor outflow
• risk of headache, miosis, eyelid twitching, myopia cataracts, and adhesions

Question 16

pilocarpine

Answer 16

• muscarinic receptor agonist
• activate M3 receptors directly to increase aqueous humor outflow
• risk of headache, miosis, eyelid twitching, myopia cataracts, and adhesions

Question 17

echothiophate

Answer 17

• acetylcholinesterase inhibitor
• indirectly activates of M3 receptors by increasing levels of ACh in synapse which causes increased aqueous humor outflow
• risk of headache, miosis, eyelid twitching, myopia cataracts, and adhesions