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Various Pharm > Drugs for CAP, HAP, and VAP > Flashcards

Drugs for CAP, HAP, and VAP Flashcards

1
Q

amoxicillin + clavulanate

A
  • inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis and cross linking
  • CAP
  • broad spectrum, covers both G-POSTITIVE and GRAM-NEGATIVE
  • NOT effective against pseudomonas
  • administered orally
  • risk of anaphylaxis, superinfection, and rash in mono
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2
Q

piperacillin + tazobactam

A
  • inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis and cross linking
  • CAP, HAP, or VAP
  • broad spectrum, covers both G-POSTITIVE and GRAM-NEGATIVE anaerobic and anaerobic
  • ACTIVE against pseudomonas
  • given by IV
  • risk of SJS/DRESS, nephrotoxicity, rash
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3
Q

cefazolin

cephalexin

A
  • β-lactams like penicillin, have same MOA
  • First generation cephalosporins
  • mostly G-POSITIVE coverage
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4
Q

cefotetan

cefoxitin

A
  • β-lactams like penicillin, have same MOA
  • Second generation cephalosporins
  • moderate G-NEGATIVE and less G-POSITIVE coverage
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5
Q

ceftriaxone (IV)
cefpodoxime (oral)
cefditoren (oral)

A
  • β-lactams like penicillin, have same MOA
  • Third generation cephalosporins
  • G-POSITIVE and more G-NEGATIVE coverage, d/t increased penetration through outer membrane
  • CEFTRIAXONE is not excreted by kidney, so dosage adjustment is NOT needed in renal impairment
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6
Q

cefepime (IV)

A
  • β-lactams like penicillin, have same MOA
  • Fourth generation cephalosporins
  • more G-POSITIVE coverage
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7
Q

ceftaroline

A
  • β-lactams like penicillin, have same MOA

- Fifth generation cephalosporins

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8
Q

doxycycline

A
  • Tetracycline: binds to 30s of ribosome and prevents growth of peptide chain.
  • Bacteriostatic
  • CAP (use with β-lactam)
  • risk of TOOTH DISCOLORATION IN CHILDREN
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9
Q

azithromycin

A
  • Macrolide: bind to 50s of ribosome and prevent elongation of peptide
  • CAP
  • Cover aerobic and anaerobic G-POSITIVE, not effective against G-NEGATIVE (except pasturella, haemophilus, and neisseria)
  • does not inhibit CYP450
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10
Q

clarithromycin

A
  • Macrolide: bind to 50s of ribosome and prevent elongation of peptide
  • CAP
  • Cover aerobic and anaerobic G-POSITIVE, not effective against G-NEGATIVE (except pasturella, haemophilus, and neisseria)
  • INHIBITS CYP450
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11
Q

erythromycin

A
  • Macrolide: bind to 50s of ribosome and prevent elongation of peptide
  • CAP
  • Cover aerobic and anaerobic G-POSITIVE, not effective against G-NEGATIVE (except pasturella, haemophilus, and neisseria)
  • INHIBITS CYP450
  • risk of epigastric pain
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12
Q

levofloxacin

A
  • Respiratory fluoroquinolones
  • broad spectrum, active against both G-POSITIVE and G-NEGATIVE
  • SHOULD BE RESERVED FOR SERIOUS INFECTIONS
  • risk of TENDON RUPTURE
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13
Q

gemifloxacin

A
  • Respiratory fluoroquinolones
  • broad spectrum, active against both G-POSITIVE and G-NEGATIVE
  • SHOULD BE RESERVED FOR SERIOUS INFECTIONS
  • risk of TENDON RUPTURE
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14
Q

moxifloxacin

A
  • Respiratory fluoroquinolones
  • broad spectrum, active against both G-POSITIVE and G-NEGATIVE
  • SHOULD BE RESERVED FOR SERIOUS INFECTIONS
  • risk of TENDON RUPTURE
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15
Q

vancomycin

A
  • Prevents cell wall synthesis
  • given IV for serious infections
  • risk of Red Man syndrome
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16
Q

linezolid

A
  • Prevents t-RNA from binding to ribosome, and inhibits peptide formation
  • active in G-POSITIVE (strep, VRE, MRSA)
  • ORAL or IV
  • risk of serotonin syndrome, lactic acidosis, optic neuropathy, thrombocytopenia
17
Q

aztreonam

A
  • binds PBPs and prevents cell wall synthesis and cross linking
  • active against G-NEGATIVE aerobes (INCLUDING pseudomonas)
  • not active against G+ or anaerobes
  • administered IM or IV
  • risk of anaphylaxis, superinfection
18
Q

imipenem

A
  • binds PBPs and prevents cell wall synthesis and cross linking
  • wide spectrum including G-NEGATIVE, and G-POSITIVE aerobes/anaerobes
  • RESERVED for resistant strains
  • administered IV
  • risk of CNS effects like confusion and seizure, anaphylaxis, superinfection
19
Q

gentamicin

A
  • aminogylcoside: binds 30s of ribosome and prevents peptide formation by misreading t-RNA
  • mostly active against G-NEGATIVE including (peudomonas, proteus, E. coli) also G+ strep
  • Administered by IM or IV
  • risk of nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and ototoxicity

Various Pharm (44 decks)

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