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Various Pharm > Derm Pharm > Flashcards

Derm Pharm Flashcards

1
Q

Cream

A
  • half water/half oil and emulsifier

- good for oozing/wet skin

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2
Q

Ointment

A
  • 20% water/ 80% oil
  • feels greasy and stay on skin
  • best for dry skin
  • less likely to cause allergy
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3
Q

humectants

A
  • draw water to outer layer of skin

- glycerin, lecithin, and propylene glycol

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4
Q

horny substance (keratin) softener

A
  • loosens bonds between top layers of cells
  • helps cells retain water
  • urea, alpha hydroxyacids (e.g., lactic, citric, glycolic), allantoin
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5
Q

chlorhexidine

A
  • ANTISEPTIC/DISINFECTANT
  • bacterial spores=prevents development
  • mycobacteria=static not cidal
  • bacteria and yeasts =protoplast and spheroplastlysis; high concentrations cause precipitation of proteins and nucleic acids

-Not active against: viruses, protozoan cysts

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6
Q

becaplermin

A
  • platelet derived GROWTH FACTOR
  • promotes cell proliferation and angiogenesis
  • diabetic foot ulcers
  • use of >3 tubes increases risk for malignancy by 4x
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7
Q

miconazole

A
  • topical ANTIFUNGAL

- cream, vaginal cream or suppository

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8
Q

clotrimazole

A
  • topical ANTIFUNGAL

- cream, vaginal cream or tablets

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9
Q

efinaconazole

A
  • ANTIFUNGAL
  • onchomycosis treatment
  • 48 wk treatment
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10
Q

ketoconozole

A
  • ANTIFUNGAL
  • cream for topical treatment of dermatophytosis and candidiasis
  • shampoo or foam for seborrheic dermatitis
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11
Q

ciclopirox

A
  • topical ANTIFUNGAL
  • broad spectrum antimycotic
  • disrupts macromolecular synthesis
  • activity against dermatophytes, Candida and Malassezia
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12
Q

terbinafine

A
  • topical ANTIFUNGAL
  • allylamine, selectively inhibits squalene epoxidase, a key enzyme for the synthesis of ergosterol
  • Highly active against dermatophytes, less active against yeast
  • can cause irritation to mucous membranes
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13
Q

tolnaftate

A
  • topical ANTIFUNGAL
  • distorts hyphae/mycelial growth
  • effective topically against various dermatophyte and malessezia infections, but NOT Candida
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14
Q

nystatin

A
  • topical ANTIFUNGAL
  • binds to fungal sterols and alters membrane permeability
  • ONLY topical and mucosal treatments of candida (not absorbed in GI)
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15
Q

amphotericin b

A
  • topical ANTIFUNGAL
  • binds to fungal sterols and alters membrane permeability
  • ONLY topical treatments of cutaneous candida
  • temporary yellow staining
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16
Q

acyclovir

A
  • topical ANTIVIRAL
  • synthetic guanine analog
  • inhibits herpes simplex 1 & 2
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17
Q

tacrolimus

A
  • ANTI-ITCH
  • topical calcineurin inhibitor
  • used for anogenital pruritis
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18
Q

naltrexone

A
  • ANTI-ITCH
  • μ-opioid receptor antagonist
  • used for cholestatic and CKD pruritis
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19
Q

butorphanol

A
  • ANTI-ITCH
  • κ-opioid receptor AGONIST
  • μ-opioid receptor ANTAGONIST
  • used for nocturnal and intractible pruritis
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20
Q

gabapentin

A
  • ANTI-ITCH
  • anticonvulsant
  • used for neuropathic pruritis
  • causes drowsiness and weight gain
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21
Q

aprepitant

A
  • ANTI-ITCH
  • substance P antagonist
  • usually for nausea/vomiting from chemo, but helps intractible pruritis
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22
Q

brimonidine

A
  • ROSACEA TREATMENT
  • α2-adrenergic agonist
  • vasoconstricts and removes red color from rosacea
  • topical gel
23
Q

tetrahydrozoline

A
  • RED EYE TREATMENT
  • adrenergic agonist
  • vasoconstricts and removes red color
24
Q

malathion

A
  • ANTI-PARASITE

- topical organophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor

25
Q

permethrin

A
  • ANTI-PARASITE
  • topical agent binds to insect Na+ channels
  • blocks membrane depolarization
26
Q

ivermectin

A
  • ANTI-PARASITE

- oral agent, binds to Glutamate-gated Cl- channels in invertebrates

27
Q

lindane

A
  • ANTI-PARASITE
  • topical agent used only after other agents fail
  • disrupts GABAergic transmission in insects
28
Q

tretioin

A
  • ACNE TREATMENT
  • topical retinoid for acne vulgaris
  • can cause skin irritation and flaking
29
Q

benzoyl peroxide

A
  • ACNE TREATMENT
  • topical antimicrobial
  • causes local skin irritation
  • may bleach hair/clothes
30
Q

clindamycin

A
  • ACNE TREATMENT
  • topical antimicrobial
  • rare risk of pseudomembranous colitis
31
Q

erythromycin

A
  • ACNE TREATMENT

- topical antimicrobial

32
Q

azaleic acid

A
  • ACNE TREATMENT
  • also treats post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation
  • made from grains
33
Q

tetracycline

A
  • ACNE TREATMENT
  • oral antibiotic
  • DO NOT USE in pregnant women and young children because of teeth staining
34
Q

oral contraceptives

A
  • help as ACNE TREATMENT

- can increase thromboembolic events

35
Q

spironolactone

A
  • helps as ACNE TREATMENT
  • treats menstrual cycle related breakouts
  • do not use in pregnancy
36
Q

isotretioin

A
  • ACNE TREATMENT

- TERATOGEN

37
Q

psoralen

A
  • PSORIASIS TREATMENT

- photosensitizer that prepares patients for PUVA therapy

38
Q

apremilast

A
  • PSORIASIS TREATMENT
  • PDE4 inhibitor, increases cAMP and IL-10
  • decreases NOS, TNF-α, IL-23
  • given orally
39
Q

TNFα blockers

A

-PSORIASIS TREATMENT

40
Q

ustekinumab

A
  • PSORIASIS TREATMENT
  • inhibits effects of IL-12 and IL-23, decreases activation of NK and T-cells
  • treatment for psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, Chron’s disease
  • increases risk of infection
41
Q

secukinumab

A
  • PSORIASIS TREATMENT
  • inhibits IL-17A, decreased induction of other proinflammatory molecules
  • psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylosis
  • increases risk of infection
42
Q

5-fluorouracil

A
  • ACTINIC KERATOSIS TREATMENT
  • inhibits thymidylate synthetase (DNA synth)
  • causes skin to blister, necrose, and re-epithelize
43
Q

imiquimod

A
  • ACTINIC KERATOSIS TREATMENT

- topical cytokine inducer

44
Q

ingenol mebutate

A
  • ACTINIC KERATOSIS TREATMENT
  • 1 initial disruption of cell plasma membranes and mitochondria leading to cell necrosis
  • 2 neutrophil-mediated antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity that eliminates remaining tumor cells
45
Q

vismodegib

A
  • BCC/SCC treatment

- oral hedgehog signaling pathway inhibitor

46
Q

vemurafenib

A
  • MELANOMA TREATMENT
  • MAP kinase pathway inhibitor
  • causes apoptosis
47
Q

dacarbazine

A
  • MELANOMA TREATMENT

- alkylating agent

48
Q

minoxidil

A
  • ALOPECIA TREATMENT

- vasodilation due to K+-channel opening

49
Q

finasteride

A
  • ALOPECIA TREATMENT
  • DHT inhibitor
  • can cause sexual dysfunction
50
Q

emollient

A
  • form oily layer on skin that traps moisture

- petrolatum, lanolin, mineral oil and dimethicone

51
Q

sunscreen

A

-chemicals that ABSORB UV light

52
Q

sunshade

A

-chemicals that REFLECT UV light

53
Q

salicylic acid

A
  • COX inhibitor

- keratolytic, can dissolve the intercellular cement

Various Pharm (44 decks)

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