Derm Pharm Flashcards
Cream
- half water/half oil and emulsifier
- good for oozing/wet skin
Ointment
- 20% water/ 80% oil
- feels greasy and stay on skin
- best for dry skin
- less likely to cause allergy
humectants
- draw water to outer layer of skin
- glycerin, lecithin, and propylene glycol
horny substance (keratin) softener
- loosens bonds between top layers of cells
- helps cells retain water
- urea, alpha hydroxyacids (e.g., lactic, citric, glycolic), allantoin
chlorhexidine
- ANTISEPTIC/DISINFECTANT
- bacterial spores=prevents development
- mycobacteria=static not cidal
- bacteria and yeasts =protoplast and spheroplastlysis; high concentrations cause precipitation of proteins and nucleic acids
-Not active against: viruses, protozoan cysts
becaplermin
- platelet derived GROWTH FACTOR
- promotes cell proliferation and angiogenesis
- diabetic foot ulcers
- use of >3 tubes increases risk for malignancy by 4x
miconazole
- topical ANTIFUNGAL
- cream, vaginal cream or suppository
clotrimazole
- topical ANTIFUNGAL
- cream, vaginal cream or tablets
efinaconazole
- ANTIFUNGAL
- onchomycosis treatment
- 48 wk treatment
ketoconozole
- ANTIFUNGAL
- cream for topical treatment of dermatophytosis and candidiasis
- shampoo or foam for seborrheic dermatitis
ciclopirox
- topical ANTIFUNGAL
- broad spectrum antimycotic
- disrupts macromolecular synthesis
- activity against dermatophytes, Candida and Malassezia
terbinafine
- topical ANTIFUNGAL
- allylamine, selectively inhibits squalene epoxidase, a key enzyme for the synthesis of ergosterol
- Highly active against dermatophytes, less active against yeast
- can cause irritation to mucous membranes
tolnaftate
- topical ANTIFUNGAL
- distorts hyphae/mycelial growth
- effective topically against various dermatophyte and malessezia infections, but NOT Candida
nystatin
- topical ANTIFUNGAL
- binds to fungal sterols and alters membrane permeability
- ONLY topical and mucosal treatments of candida (not absorbed in GI)
amphotericin b
- topical ANTIFUNGAL
- binds to fungal sterols and alters membrane permeability
- ONLY topical treatments of cutaneous candida
- temporary yellow staining
acyclovir
- topical ANTIVIRAL
- synthetic guanine analog
- inhibits herpes simplex 1 & 2
tacrolimus
- ANTI-ITCH
- topical calcineurin inhibitor
- used for anogenital pruritis
naltrexone
- ANTI-ITCH
- μ-opioid receptor antagonist
- used for cholestatic and CKD pruritis
butorphanol
- ANTI-ITCH
- κ-opioid receptor AGONIST
- μ-opioid receptor ANTAGONIST
- used for nocturnal and intractible pruritis
gabapentin
- ANTI-ITCH
- anticonvulsant
- used for neuropathic pruritis
- causes drowsiness and weight gain
aprepitant
- ANTI-ITCH
- substance P antagonist
- usually for nausea/vomiting from chemo, but helps intractible pruritis
brimonidine
- ROSACEA TREATMENT
- α2-adrenergic agonist
- vasoconstricts and removes red color from rosacea
- topical gel
tetrahydrozoline
- RED EYE TREATMENT
- adrenergic agonist
- vasoconstricts and removes red color
malathion
- ANTI-PARASITE
- topical organophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor
permethrin
- ANTI-PARASITE
- topical agent binds to insect Na+ channels
- blocks membrane depolarization
ivermectin
- ANTI-PARASITE
- oral agent, binds to Glutamate-gated Cl- channels in invertebrates
lindane
- ANTI-PARASITE
- topical agent used only after other agents fail
- disrupts GABAergic transmission in insects
tretioin
- ACNE TREATMENT
- topical retinoid for acne vulgaris
- can cause skin irritation and flaking
benzoyl peroxide
- ACNE TREATMENT
- topical antimicrobial
- causes local skin irritation
- may bleach hair/clothes
clindamycin
- ACNE TREATMENT
- topical antimicrobial
- rare risk of pseudomembranous colitis
erythromycin
- ACNE TREATMENT
- topical antimicrobial
azaleic acid
- ACNE TREATMENT
- also treats post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation
- made from grains
tetracycline
- ACNE TREATMENT
- oral antibiotic
- DO NOT USE in pregnant women and young children because of teeth staining
oral contraceptives
- help as ACNE TREATMENT
- can increase thromboembolic events
spironolactone
- helps as ACNE TREATMENT
- treats menstrual cycle related breakouts
- do not use in pregnancy
isotretioin
- ACNE TREATMENT
- TERATOGEN
psoralen
- PSORIASIS TREATMENT
- photosensitizer that prepares patients for PUVA therapy
apremilast
- PSORIASIS TREATMENT
- PDE4 inhibitor, increases cAMP and IL-10
- decreases NOS, TNF-α, IL-23
- given orally
TNFα blockers
-PSORIASIS TREATMENT
ustekinumab
- PSORIASIS TREATMENT
- inhibits effects of IL-12 and IL-23, decreases activation of NK and T-cells
- treatment for psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, Chron’s disease
- increases risk of infection
secukinumab
- PSORIASIS TREATMENT
- inhibits IL-17A, decreased induction of other proinflammatory molecules
- psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylosis
- increases risk of infection
5-fluorouracil
- ACTINIC KERATOSIS TREATMENT
- inhibits thymidylate synthetase (DNA synth)
- causes skin to blister, necrose, and re-epithelize
imiquimod
- ACTINIC KERATOSIS TREATMENT
- topical cytokine inducer
ingenol mebutate
- ACTINIC KERATOSIS TREATMENT
- 1 initial disruption of cell plasma membranes and mitochondria leading to cell necrosis
- 2 neutrophil-mediated antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity that eliminates remaining tumor cells
vismodegib
- BCC/SCC treatment
- oral hedgehog signaling pathway inhibitor
vemurafenib
- MELANOMA TREATMENT
- MAP kinase pathway inhibitor
- causes apoptosis
dacarbazine
- MELANOMA TREATMENT
- alkylating agent
minoxidil
- ALOPECIA TREATMENT
- vasodilation due to K+-channel opening
finasteride
- ALOPECIA TREATMENT
- DHT inhibitor
- can cause sexual dysfunction
emollient
- form oily layer on skin that traps moisture
- petrolatum, lanolin, mineral oil and dimethicone
sunscreen
-chemicals that ABSORB UV light
sunshade
-chemicals that REFLECT UV light
salicylic acid
- COX inhibitor
- keratolytic, can dissolve the intercellular cement
