cultural literacy 42 Flashcards
Sunnis’ core belief
Abu Bakr (Mohammed’s friend) was rightful successor
Shias’ core belief
Ali (Mohammed’s cousin and son-in-law) was rightful successor
guardianship of the just
founding principle of Iranian theocracy
Salafism
another name for Wahabism
the Takbir
literally, the “magnification of God”, i.e. the proclamation that God is great (“Allahu akbar!”)
to say the Takbir
to say “Allahu akbar!”
Ibn Saud
founder and king of Saudi Arabia
kings of Saudi Arabia (all sons of Ibn Saud) since Saud
Saud, Faisal, Khalid, Fahd, Abdullah, Salman
Mohammed bin Salman
son of Salman and current crown prince of Saudi Arabia
omertà
southern Italian code of silence
cognomen
nickname
RFID
radio frequency identification
Hadoop
a collection of software utilities that facilitates using a network of computers to solve problems involving massive amounts of data and computation
cross faded
drunk and high at the same time (slang)
microtonal
of a musical scale in which traditional distance between any frequency relationship is divided into more than 12 notes
Ivan Wyschnegradsky
Russian composer of microtonal music who used the quarter tone scale (24 notes) and even a scale divided into 72 notes
sleeve
in construction/electronics, a protective cylindrical casing for pipes/wires
James Cain
author of Double Indemnity and The Postman Always Rings Twice
breech birth
the birthing of a baby bottom first (instead of head first)
FKK
Freikörperkultur (nudist movement in Germany with beaches)
pincer movement
military maneuver in which flanks of the advancing opponent are surrounded and pinched by the attacked force
“Once more unto the breach…”
“…dear friends, once more; Or close the wall up with our English dead.” –Henry V
“Love is All Around”
The Troggs (“I feel it in my fingers. I feel it in my toes…”)
“Exit, pursued by a bear.”
Shakespeare’s most famous stage direction, in The Winter’s Tale
squiffy/squiffed
slightly drunk, buzzed
Chrimble
(British, humorous) Christmas
todge
(Brit. slang) penis (in humans or animals)
What’s the crack?
What’s going on, what’s up, what’s the word? (Dub)
That was great crack.
That was the bomb/shit. (Dub)
a ride
a hottie (Dub)
Mickey
penis (Irish English)
Got a few jars in.
I’ve had a few drinks. (Dub)
Janey Mac
euphemism for Jesus Christ (Dub)
wrecking sb’s head
annoying sb (Dub)
giving it socks
going crazy on the dancefloor (Dub)
going on the lash
going out on the piss/on the town (Dub)
I’m dyin’ for me hole.
I’m dying for a drink. (Dub)
punter
(Brit. slang) chump, mark (gambling or con), but loosely used to refer to a customer or fan, cf. sarcastic “innocent bystander”
Adam Heinrich Dietrich von Bülow
Prussian military writer, brother of Count Friedrich Wilhelm von Bülow, and author of The Spirit of The Modern System of War
Dietrich Heinrich von Bülow
alternative English name sometimes given for Adam Heinrich Dietrich von Bülow
Friedrich Wilhelm Freiherr von Bülow
Prussian general of the Napoleonic Wars, brother of Adam von Bülow
Reversal of Fortune: Inside the von Bülow Case
1985 book about the trial and acquittal of English socialite Claus von Bülow, who was defended by Alan Dershowitz
Reversal of Fortune
1990 movie with Jeremy Irons and Glenn Close, based on the Dershowitz book
generational warfare
a theory of the historical evolution of strategies and modes of conducting war that divides the history of warfare into 3 to 5 stages (the last two, 4GW and 5GW, being controversial)
fourth generation warfare
within generational warfare, a period of warfare characterized by the centrality of non-state actors, media and culture, and insurgency
fifth generation warfare
within generational warfare, a period of warfare characterized by tactics like lawfare, social media influence operations and cyberattacks
Clausewitz’s trinity
three forces at work in any war: hostility, chance, desire to direct the conflict to some end or purpose
distortion of Clausewitz’s trinity
some (like van Creveld in The Transformation of War) use a distortion of Clausewitz’s trinity as the basis for arguing for an understanding of current warfare as “nontrinitarian”; in this distortion, these theorists take Clausewitz’s trinity as naming the three institutions the forces were often associated with (hostility -> populace; chance -> military; direction toward purpose -> government) and then argue that current warfare works outside at least one of these (government) and is thus “nontrinitarian”; further, though, there is no such thing as “trinitarian” warfare since C. wasn’t naming a species of a genus but was rather identifying characteristics that are always present (and thus essential) to any warfare
from Overture to Rossini’s William Tell Overture
cliche morning music featured in many films : slow bassoon only a few notes’ variation (repeats and then goes up and “flutters” like a bird at the end) like a very gentle rooster’s crow
Chopin Nocturne No. 2 in E-Flat Minor, Op. 9 No.2
see https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p29JUpsOSTE
Abu Bakr (Mohammed’s friend) was rightful successor
Sunnis’ core belief
Ali (Mohammed’s cousin and son-in-law) was rightful successor
Shias’ core belief
founding principle of Iranian theocracy
guardianship of the just
another name for Wahabism
Salafism
literally, the “magnification of God”, i.e. the proclamation that God is great (“Allahu akbar!”)
the Takbir
to say “Allahu akbar!”
to say the Takbir
founder and king of Saudi Arabia
Ibn Saud
Saud, Faisal, Khalid, Fahd, Abdullah, Salman
kings of Saudi Arabia (all sons of Ibn Saud) since Saud
son of Salman and current crown prince of Saudi Arabia
Mohammed bin Salman
southern Italian code of silence
omertà
nickname
cognomen
radio frequency identification
RFID
a collection of software utilities that facilitates using a network of computers to solve problems involving massive amounts of data and computation
Hadoop
drunk and high at the same time (slang)
cross faded
of a musical scale in which traditional distance between any frequency relationship is divided into more than 12 notes
microtonal
Russian composer of microtonal music who used the quarter tone scale (24 notes) and even a scale divided into 72 notes
Ivan Wyschnegradsky
in construction/electronics, a protective cylindrical casing for pipes/wires
sleeve
author of Double Indemnity and The Postman Always Rings Twice
James Cain
the birthing of a baby bottom first (instead of head first)
breech birth
Freikörperkultur (nudist movement in Germany with beaches)
FKK
military maneuver in which flanks of the advancing opponent are surrounded and pinched by the attacked force
pincer movement
“…dear friends, once more; Or close the wall up with our English dead.” –Henry V
“Once more unto the breach…”
The Troggs (“I feel it in my fingers. I feel it in my toes…”)
“Love is All Around”
Shakespeare’s most famous stage direction, in The Winter’s Tale
“Exit, pursued by a bear.”
slightly drunk, buzzed
squiffy/squiffed
(British, humorous) Christmas
Chrimble
(Brit. slang) penis (in humans or animals)
todge
What’s going on, what’s up, what’s the word? (Dub)
What’s the crack?
That was the bomb/shit. (Dub)
That was great crack.
a hottie (Dub)
a ride
penis (Irish English)
Mickey
I’ve had a few drinks. (Dub)
Got a few jars in.
euphemism for Jesus Christ (Dub)
Janey Mac
annoying sb (Dub)
wrecking sb’s head
going crazy on the dancefloor (Dub)
giving it socks
going out on the piss/on the town (Dub)
going on the lash
I’m dying for a drink. (Dub)
I’m dyin’ for me hole.
(Brit. slang) chump, mark (gambling or con), but loosely used to refer to a customer or fan, cf. sarcastic “innocent bystander”
punter
Prussian military writer, brother of Count Friedrich Wilhelm von Bülow, and author of The Spirit of The Modern System of War
Adam Heinrich Dietrich von Bülow
alternative English name sometimes given for Adam Heinrich Dietrich von Bülow
Dietrich Heinrich von Bülow
Prussian general of the Napoleonic Wars, brother of Adam von Bülow
Friedrich Wilhelm Freiherr von Bülow
1985 book about the trial and acquittal of English socialite Claus von Bülow, who was defended by Alan Dershowitz
Reversal of Fortune: Inside the von Bülow Case
1990 movie with Jeremy Irons and Glenn Close, based on the Dershowitz book
Reversal of Fortune
a theory of the historical evolution of strategies and modes of conducting war that divides the history of warfare into 3 to 5 stages (the last two, 4GW and 5GW, being controversial)
generational warfare
within generational warfare, a period of warfare characterized by the centrality of non-state actors, media and culture, and insurgency
fourth generation warfare
within generational warfare, a period of warfare characterized by tactics like lawfare, social media influence operations and cyberattacks
fifth generation warfare
three forces at work in any war: hostility, chance, desire to direct the conflict to some end or purpose
Clausewitz’s trinity
some (like van Creveld in The Transformation of War) use a distortion of Clausewitz’s trinity as the basis for arguing for an understanding of current warfare as “nontrinitarian”; in this distortion, these theorists take Clausewitz’s trinity as naming the three institutions the forces were often associated with (hostility -> populace; chance -> military; direction toward purpose -> government) and then argue that current warfare works outside at least one of these (government) and is thus “nontrinitarian”; further, though, there is no such thing as “trinitarian” warfare since C. wasn’t naming a species of a genus but was rather identifying characteristics that are always present (and thus essential) to any warfare
distortion of Clausewitz’s trinity
cliche morning music featured in many films : slow bassoon only a few notes’ variation (repeats and then goes up and “flutters” like a bird at the end) like a very gentle rooster’s crow
from Overture to Rossini’s William Tell Overture
see https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p29JUpsOSTE
Chopin Nocturne No. 2 in E-Flat Minor, Op. 9 No.2
