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cultural literacy > cultural literacy 42 > Flashcards

cultural literacy 42 Flashcards

1
Q

Sunnis’ core belief

A

Abu Bakr (Mohammed’s friend) was rightful successor

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2
Q

Shias’ core belief

A

Ali (Mohammed’s cousin and son-in-law) was rightful successor

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3
Q

guardianship of the just

A

founding principle of Iranian theocracy

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4
Q

Salafism

A

another name for Wahabism

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5
Q

the Takbir

A

literally, the “magnification of God”, i.e. the proclamation that God is great (“Allahu akbar!”)

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6
Q

to say the Takbir

A

to say “Allahu akbar!”

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7
Q

Ibn Saud

A

founder and king of Saudi Arabia

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8
Q

kings of Saudi Arabia (all sons of Ibn Saud) since Saud

A

Saud, Faisal, Khalid, Fahd, Abdullah, Salman

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9
Q

Mohammed bin Salman

A

son of Salman and current crown prince of Saudi Arabia

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10
Q

omertà

A

southern Italian code of silence

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11
Q

cognomen

A

nickname

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12
Q

RFID

A

radio frequency identification

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13
Q

Hadoop

A

a collection of software utilities that facilitates using a network of computers to solve problems involving massive amounts of data and computation

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14
Q

cross faded

A

drunk and high at the same time (slang)

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15
Q

microtonal

A

of a musical scale in which traditional distance between any frequency relationship is divided into more than 12 notes

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16
Q

Ivan Wyschnegradsky

A

Russian composer of microtonal music who used the quarter tone scale (24 notes) and even a scale divided into 72 notes

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17
Q

sleeve

A

in construction/electronics, a protective cylindrical casing for pipes/wires

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18
Q

James Cain

A

author of Double Indemnity and The Postman Always Rings Twice

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19
Q

breech birth

A

the birthing of a baby bottom first (instead of head first)

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20
Q

FKK

A

Freikörperkultur (nudist movement in Germany with beaches)

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21
Q

pincer movement

A

military maneuver in which flanks of the advancing opponent are surrounded and pinched by the attacked force

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22
Q

“Once more unto the breach…”

A

“…dear friends, once more; Or close the wall up with our English dead.” –Henry V

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23
Q

“Love is All Around”

A

The Troggs (“I feel it in my fingers. I feel it in my toes…”)

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24
Q

“Exit, pursued by a bear.”

A

Shakespeare’s most famous stage direction, in The Winter’s Tale

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25
Q

squiffy/squiffed

A

slightly drunk, buzzed

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26
Q

Chrimble

A

(British, humorous) Christmas

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27
Q

todge

A

(Brit. slang) penis (in humans or animals)

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28
Q

What’s the crack?

A

What’s going on, what’s up, what’s the word? (Dub)

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29
Q

That was great crack.

A

That was the bomb/shit. (Dub)

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30
Q

a ride

A

a hottie (Dub)

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31
Q

Mickey

A

penis (Irish English)

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32
Q

Got a few jars in.

A

I’ve had a few drinks. (Dub)

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33
Q

Janey Mac

A

euphemism for Jesus Christ (Dub)

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34
Q

wrecking sb’s head

A

annoying sb (Dub)

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35
Q

giving it socks

A

going crazy on the dancefloor (Dub)

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36
Q

going on the lash

A

going out on the piss/on the town (Dub)

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37
Q

I’m dyin’ for me hole.

A

I’m dying for a drink. (Dub)

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38
Q

punter

A

(Brit. slang) chump, mark (gambling or con), but loosely used to refer to a customer or fan, cf. sarcastic “innocent bystander”

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39
Q

Adam Heinrich Dietrich von Bülow

A

Prussian military writer, brother of Count Friedrich Wilhelm von Bülow, and author of The Spirit of The Modern System of War

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40
Q

Dietrich Heinrich von Bülow

A

alternative English name sometimes given for Adam Heinrich Dietrich von Bülow

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41
Q

Friedrich Wilhelm Freiherr von Bülow

A

Prussian general of the Napoleonic Wars, brother of Adam von Bülow

42
Q

Reversal of Fortune: Inside the von Bülow Case

A

1985 book about the trial and acquittal of English socialite Claus von Bülow, who was defended by Alan Dershowitz

43
Q

Reversal of Fortune

A

1990 movie with Jeremy Irons and Glenn Close, based on the Dershowitz book

44
Q

generational warfare

A

a theory of the historical evolution of strategies and modes of conducting war that divides the history of warfare into 3 to 5 stages (the last two, 4GW and 5GW, being controversial)

45
Q

fourth generation warfare

A

within generational warfare, a period of warfare characterized by the centrality of non-state actors, media and culture, and insurgency

46
Q

fifth generation warfare

A

within generational warfare, a period of warfare characterized by tactics like lawfare, social media influence operations and cyberattacks

47
Q

Clausewitz’s trinity

A

three forces at work in any war: hostility, chance, desire to direct the conflict to some end or purpose

48
Q

distortion of Clausewitz’s trinity

A

some (like van Creveld in The Transformation of War) use a distortion of Clausewitz’s trinity as the basis for arguing for an understanding of current warfare as “nontrinitarian”; in this distortion, these theorists take Clausewitz’s trinity as naming the three institutions the forces were often associated with (hostility -> populace; chance -> military; direction toward purpose -> government) and then argue that current warfare works outside at least one of these (government) and is thus “nontrinitarian”; further, though, there is no such thing as “trinitarian” warfare since C. wasn’t naming a species of a genus but was rather identifying characteristics that are always present (and thus essential) to any warfare

49
Q

from Overture to Rossini’s William Tell Overture

A

cliche morning music featured in many films : slow bassoon only a few notes’ variation (repeats and then goes up and “flutters” like a bird at the end) like a very gentle rooster’s crow

50
Q

Chopin Nocturne No. 2 in E-Flat Minor, Op. 9 No.2

A

see https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p29JUpsOSTE

51
Q

Abu Bakr (Mohammed’s friend) was rightful successor

A

Sunnis’ core belief

52
Q

Ali (Mohammed’s cousin and son-in-law) was rightful successor

A

Shias’ core belief

53
Q

founding principle of Iranian theocracy

A

guardianship of the just

54
Q

another name for Wahabism

A

Salafism

55
Q

literally, the “magnification of God”, i.e. the proclamation that God is great (“Allahu akbar!”)

A

the Takbir

56
Q

to say “Allahu akbar!”

A

to say the Takbir

57
Q

founder and king of Saudi Arabia

A

Ibn Saud

58
Q

Saud, Faisal, Khalid, Fahd, Abdullah, Salman

A

kings of Saudi Arabia (all sons of Ibn Saud) since Saud

59
Q

son of Salman and current crown prince of Saudi Arabia

A

Mohammed bin Salman

60
Q

southern Italian code of silence

A

omertà

61
Q

nickname

A

cognomen

62
Q

radio frequency identification

A

RFID

63
Q

a collection of software utilities that facilitates using a network of computers to solve problems involving massive amounts of data and computation

A

Hadoop

64
Q

drunk and high at the same time (slang)

A

cross faded

65
Q

of a musical scale in which traditional distance between any frequency relationship is divided into more than 12 notes

A

microtonal

66
Q

Russian composer of microtonal music who used the quarter tone scale (24 notes) and even a scale divided into 72 notes

A

Ivan Wyschnegradsky

67
Q

in construction/electronics, a protective cylindrical casing for pipes/wires

A

sleeve

68
Q

author of Double Indemnity and The Postman Always Rings Twice

A

James Cain

69
Q

the birthing of a baby bottom first (instead of head first)

A

breech birth

70
Q

Freikörperkultur (nudist movement in Germany with beaches)

A

FKK

71
Q

military maneuver in which flanks of the advancing opponent are surrounded and pinched by the attacked force

A

pincer movement

72
Q

“…dear friends, once more; Or close the wall up with our English dead.” –Henry V

A

“Once more unto the breach…”

73
Q

The Troggs (“I feel it in my fingers. I feel it in my toes…”)

A

“Love is All Around”

74
Q

Shakespeare’s most famous stage direction, in The Winter’s Tale

A

“Exit, pursued by a bear.”

75
Q

slightly drunk, buzzed

A

squiffy/squiffed

76
Q

(British, humorous) Christmas

A

Chrimble

77
Q

(Brit. slang) penis (in humans or animals)

A

todge

78
Q

What’s going on, what’s up, what’s the word? (Dub)

A

What’s the crack?

79
Q

That was the bomb/shit. (Dub)

A

That was great crack.

80
Q

a hottie (Dub)

A

a ride

81
Q

penis (Irish English)

A

Mickey

82
Q

I’ve had a few drinks. (Dub)

A

Got a few jars in.

83
Q

euphemism for Jesus Christ (Dub)

A

Janey Mac

84
Q

annoying sb (Dub)

A

wrecking sb’s head

85
Q

going crazy on the dancefloor (Dub)

A

giving it socks

86
Q

going out on the piss/on the town (Dub)

A

going on the lash

87
Q

I’m dying for a drink. (Dub)

A

I’m dyin’ for me hole.

88
Q

(Brit. slang) chump, mark (gambling or con), but loosely used to refer to a customer or fan, cf. sarcastic “innocent bystander”

A

punter

89
Q

Prussian military writer, brother of Count Friedrich Wilhelm von Bülow, and author of The Spirit of The Modern System of War

A

Adam Heinrich Dietrich von Bülow

90
Q

alternative English name sometimes given for Adam Heinrich Dietrich von Bülow

A

Dietrich Heinrich von Bülow

91
Q

Prussian general of the Napoleonic Wars, brother of Adam von Bülow

A

Friedrich Wilhelm Freiherr von Bülow

92
Q

1985 book about the trial and acquittal of English socialite Claus von Bülow, who was defended by Alan Dershowitz

A

Reversal of Fortune: Inside the von Bülow Case

93
Q

1990 movie with Jeremy Irons and Glenn Close, based on the Dershowitz book

A

Reversal of Fortune

94
Q

a theory of the historical evolution of strategies and modes of conducting war that divides the history of warfare into 3 to 5 stages (the last two, 4GW and 5GW, being controversial)

A

generational warfare

95
Q

within generational warfare, a period of warfare characterized by the centrality of non-state actors, media and culture, and insurgency

A

fourth generation warfare

96
Q

within generational warfare, a period of warfare characterized by tactics like lawfare, social media influence operations and cyberattacks

A

fifth generation warfare

97
Q

three forces at work in any war: hostility, chance, desire to direct the conflict to some end or purpose

A

Clausewitz’s trinity

98
Q

some (like van Creveld in The Transformation of War) use a distortion of Clausewitz’s trinity as the basis for arguing for an understanding of current warfare as “nontrinitarian”; in this distortion, these theorists take Clausewitz’s trinity as naming the three institutions the forces were often associated with (hostility -> populace; chance -> military; direction toward purpose -> government) and then argue that current warfare works outside at least one of these (government) and is thus “nontrinitarian”; further, though, there is no such thing as “trinitarian” warfare since C. wasn’t naming a species of a genus but was rather identifying characteristics that are always present (and thus essential) to any warfare

A

distortion of Clausewitz’s trinity

99
Q

cliche morning music featured in many films : slow bassoon only a few notes’ variation (repeats and then goes up and “flutters” like a bird at the end) like a very gentle rooster’s crow

A

from Overture to Rossini’s William Tell Overture

100
Q

see https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p29JUpsOSTE

A

Chopin Nocturne No. 2 in E-Flat Minor, Op. 9 No.2

cultural literacy (44 decks)

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