Covalent bonding Flashcards
Why do atoms form bonds
The atoms of noble gases have full outer shells and so are very stable and unreactive. The atoms of other elements do not have full outer shells and so are unstable. By forming bonds, the atoms of these elements are able to have filled outer shells and become stable.
What is covalent bonding
When two non-metal atoms share a pair of electrons to form a complete outer shell. Bonding with compounds containing non-metals
Single bonds
Covalent bonding when each atom shares one pair of electrons
Double bonds
Covalent bonding when each atom shares 2 pairs of electrons
Triple bonds
Covalent bonding when each atom shares 3 pairs of electrons
How can you represent covalent bonds
Molecular formula
Dot and cross diagram
ball and stick model
Displayed formula with lines displaying covalent bonds
What is a simple molecule
A simple molecule is a group of a few atoms covalently bonded together. Oxygen, carbon dioxide and hydrogen are molecules
Intermolecular forces
These are weak forces between molecules that hold them together
Properties of simple covalent molecules
Low melting and boiling points because the intermolecular forces between small molecules are weak and need relatively little energy to be overcome
They cannot conduct electricity as to conduct electricity, the particles need to be able to move freely and be charged which simple molecular structures do not have.
Intermolecular forces summary
These are weak forces between molecules that hold them together. Solids have more intermolecular forces as the particles are held very tightly. Liquids have less as particles can still move around but are close together. Gases have the least as the particles are spread out.
Which groups of the periodic table are most likely to form ionic bonds.
1&2 and 6&7
