Component 1 (the Muscular System): Soc 14 Flashcards

1
Q

Define muscle fibres?

A

Make ip voluntary (skeletal) muscle; divided into type l, type lla and type llx

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2
Q

What is type l?

A

Slow twitch muscle fibres; suited to low intensity work, e.g marathon running as they can be used for a long period without fatiguing

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3
Q

What is type lla?

A

Fast twitch muscle fobres used in anaerobic work; can be improved through endurance training to increase their resistance to fatigue

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4
Q

What is type llx?

A

Fast twitch muscle fibres used in anaerobic work and can generate much greater force than aother fibre types, but fatigue quickly

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5
Q

Define Myoglobin?

A

A red pigment that transports oxygen to the muscles

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6
Q

What are the three categories of the muscle system?

A
  • voluntary
  • involuntary
  • cardiac
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7
Q

What is the voluntary msucles?

A
  • Muscles that are your control, you can choose when to contract to relax them. All these muscles are attached to the skeleton via tendon
  • Muscles made up of cylinders shaped fibres and are usually long and thin but get shorter and fatter
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8
Q

What are involuntary muscles?

A
  • They are msucles that cannot be controlled e.g your heart
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9
Q

What are Cardiac muscles?

A

Muscles only found in the wall of your heart

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10
Q

What is vascular muscles?

A

Muscles relating to the blood vessels

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11
Q

What are antagonistic pairs?

A

Muscles that work together to create movement

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12
Q

What are the two antagonistic pairs called?

A
  • One Muscle contracts (agonist)
  • The other relaxes (antagonist)
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13
Q

What is the Fulcrum?

A

The point around which the lever rotates

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14
Q

What is the articulation?

A

The state of having a joint; being a joint

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15
Q

What is the articulate?

A

Acts as a joint

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16
Q

What is the Gluteals?

A

Location: in the middle of the body at the back forming the bottom

Function: adduct and extend the leg at the hips pull the leg backwards

17
Q

What is the hamstrings?

A

Location: at the top of each leg at the back

Functon: felx the legs at the knee

18
Q

What is the Gastrocnemius?

A

Location: At the bottom of each leg at the back. Also known as the calf muscle

Function: points. The toes (planta-flexion) at the ankle

19
Q

What is the latissimus dorsi?

A

Location: at the back of the body, either side of the chest

Function: pull your arms down at the shoulders and behind your back (adduct and extend)

20
Q

What is the triceps?

A

Loction: At the top of each arm at the back

Function: extend the arm at the elbow

21
Q

What are the deltoids?

A

Location: in the upper part of the body, covering the shoulders

Function: raise the arms in all directions at the shoulders

22
Q

What are the biceps?

A

Location: at the top of each arm at the front

Function: flex the arm at the elbows

23
Q

What are the quadriceps?

A

Locations: at the top of each leg at the front

Function: extend the leg at the knee

24
Q

What is the pectoralis major?

A

Location: in the upper part of the chest at the front

Function: adduct the arm at the shoulder

25
Q

What are the external oblique?

A

Location: to the side of the abdomen

Function: pull the chest downwards. Flex and rotate the spinal column

26
Q

What is the Tibialis anterior?

A

Location:L runs down the shin

Function: pulls down the toes up towards the shin (dorsi-flexion)

27
Q

What is the hip flexors?

A

Location: sit deep in the front of the hip and connect the leg

Function: flex the hip, helps the leg and knee up towards the body