Classification System for Diagnosing Disorders - DSM-5 Flashcards
When was the DSM first published?
First version published in 1952
When was the DSM-5 published?
Published 2013
How publishes the DSM-5?
APA - American psychiatric association
How many sections are in the DSM-5?
3 sections
What is section 1 for in the DSM-5?
Outlining changes since last version was published
What is section 2 for in the DSM-5?
Categories of disorders
e.g. anxiety disorders, mood disorders
Give symptoms, time, prevalence, prognosis of the phobia
What is section 3 for in the DSM-5?
Possible new disorders for next edition
What does reliability mean in terms of diagnosis?
The degree to which two or more psychiatrists agree on a diagnosis for the same symptoms
What does validity mean in terms of diagnosis?
Whether the diagnosis is correct
Check this with whether treatment works
What is the supporting evidence/strengths of the DSM-5 in diagnosing disorders?
Stinchfield et al (2015)
Kupfer (2013)
Continuously reviewed
Field trials
Cross-cultural differences
What is the refuting evidence/weaknesses of the DSM-5 in diagnosis disorders?
Cooper (2014)
Reliability
Validity
Cultural issues
Psychiatric drug industry
Why is Stinchfield et al (2015) supporting evidence of the DSM-5 in diagnosing disorders?
Stinchfield compared DSM-5 with DSM-IV as tools for diagnosing gambling disorder
Results showed significantly higher internal consistency in diagnosis when using DSM-5
Why is Kupfer (2013) supporting evidence of the DSM-5 in diagnosing disorders?
Kupfer claims that clinicians using DSM-5 are required to obtain information from many different sources including the patients family history, their symptoms and how treatments affect them
Therefore increasing convergent validity
Why is continuous review a strength of the DSM-5 in diagnosing disorders?
DSM has been continuously reviewed and updated since its creation in 1952
Meaning that it has evolved to reflect changes and current trends in mental disorders
e.g. inclusion of hoarding as a disorder in DSM-5
Why is field trials a strength of the DSM-5 in diagnosing disorders?
DSM-5 underwent field trials before publication
Included test-retest reliability where different clinicians independently evaluated the same patient using the criteria in section 2
Why is cross cultural differences a strength of the DSM-5 in diagnosing disorders?
DSM-5 now included culture bound syndromes and recognises that some disorders are more likely to occur in specific cultures
The manual has updated its criteria to reflect cross-cultural differences in symptoms and more information about cultural concepts of distress
Why is Cooper (2014) refuting evidence of the DSM-5 in diagnosing disorders?
Cooper found that a diagnosis of Sz had a reliability estimate of 0.46 using the DSM-5 compared to 0.81 using the DSM-III trial showing significant reduction in the reliability of the manual
Why is reliability a weakness of the DSM-5 in diagnosing disorders?
Research has found that the clinicians experience and style of interviewing when using the DSM-5 can significantly lower agreement rates between different clinicians assessing the same patient symptoms
This is particularly evident when a shorter period of time is spent on the clinical interview
Why is validity a weakness of the DSM-5 in diagnosing disorders?
The BPS has expressed concern about DSM-5 which requires social norms to be considered when making a diagnosis leaving the process open to some degree of subjectivity with regard to the clinicians judgements
Why is cultural issues a weakness of the DSM-5 in diagnosing disorders?
The DSM-5 has been criticised for being developed by a workforce consisting predominantly of male, westernised practitioners from similar cultural backgrounds
Why is psychiatric drug industry a weakness of the DSM-5 in diagnosing disorders?
The psychiatric drug industry unduly influenced the manuals content
Around 68% of DSM-5 development members had ties to pharmaceutical companies
