Child Development - The Baby's First Year Flashcards
laws of growth (4)
- head to foot - learning to walk
- near to far - their waste development
- simple to complex - using both hands, using fingers
- continuous and orderly - both arms and legs grow together
maturation
physically maturing
a newborn… through the first week
loses weight
in the first 6 months, an infant will gain… a month
1 to 2lbs
in the last 6 months, an infant will gain… a month
1lb
in one year, a child will…his/her birth weight
weight triple
average height of a 1 year old
30 inches or 2.5 feet
proportion
relationship between different parts of the body
gross motor development
large motor movement (arms, legs)
complex motor development
small motor movement
reflexes present at birth? how old? (4)
- grasping - 2months
- startle - 3 months
- Babinski - 6-9 months
- rooting - 9 months
what kind of baby recognizes their parents cross-eyed? (what age…?)
newborn baby
when can a baby see 3 dimensional objects?
at 2 months
when does a baby develop stranger anxiety?
at 6 months
when can a baby follow far away sights?
at 12 months, 1 year old
what tastes can a baby distinguish?
what do they prefer?
sour, sweet, and salty
sweet
common reactions of teething? (6)
restlessness
crankiness
drool
low grade temp (under 100)
loose stools
small white lump in the gums w/ discomfort for 2-10 days
what is the cause of a high temp, diarrhea, or cold symptoms?
a lowered resistance because of teething
a baby’s first teeth?
at what age does he/she get them?
what order does he lose them in?
central incisors
6-10 months
he/she will lose them in the order that he/she got them
how many teeth does a child have?
at what age?
20 primary teeth
3 years old
when to feed baby?
every 2 hours
how long should you breast feed or feed w/ formula?
why does a baby need this?
11-12 months
nutrients and it helps the brain develop
weaning
changing from breast or bottle to the cup
how long to sponge bathe a baby? (2)
until the cord dries off and falls off
about 2 weeks
cradle cap
how to cure it?
crusty patches on the scalp
Vaseline at night
what to test water temperature with?
your elbow b/c its more sensitive than your hand
emotional development
how you feel about yourself
social development
how you relate to others
three factors that affect the baby’s emotional development? (3)
- child’s individuality
- type of care
- atmosphere of the home
temperament
a child’s style of reacting to different situations, personalities, abilities, and talents
how does a baby develop socially?
by interacting with those around him
attachment
a strong bond a child feels for his caregiver that forms because of this physical contact
failure to thrive?
what causes this? (2)
a condition in which the baby does not grow or develop properly
neglect and improper care, health problems with the baby
marasmus
extreme failure to thrive
sensitive child positives and negatives (6)
(+)
- tender
- compassionate
- caring
(-)
- fussy
- “cry baby”
- tattler
placid child positives and negatives (6)
(+)
- easy going
- patient
- calm
(-)
- lazy
- doesn’t care
- complacent
aggressive child positives and negatives (6)
(+)
- independent
- leader
- energetic
(-)
- demanding
- inconsiderate
- aggressive
assimilation
children form general concepts in their mind
accommodation
refining categories and concepts
Piaget’s Stages and ages: (4)
- sensorimotor: birth - 1.5 years
- preoperational: 2-7 years
- concrete operations: 7-11 years
- formal operations: 11- adulthood
object permanence
when does this occur?
when objects continue to exist even when they’re out of sight - can find partially hidden objects
10 months
how do children learn? (2)
language and mental images
characteristics of children in the preoperational stage (7)
make-believe play is used to create and express all kinds of mental images
egocentrism
feelings rather than logic
multiple classification - ability to understand that an object may fit into more than one category
not knowing difference b/t real and make-believe
seriation - ability to order groups of things by size, weight, or any common property
doesn’t recognize the parts to a whole
describe the concrete operational stage (3)
learns to solve complex problems using basic knowledge
can’t think in abstract ways
conservation, reversibility, multiple classification, and seriation skills perfected
conservation
a given amount of anything remains the same
describe formal operations stage (2)
can think thru complex problems, find several solutions, and choose the most logical one
can think in abstract ways
what do we learn from Piaget in general? (3)
- children learn to master one skill before another
- children learn in their own ways
- children don’t do things how adults do
describe the sensorimotor stage (2)
children learn about the world through their senses and body movements
object permanence
describe the preoperational stage
language and mental images
The word “toy” means
Tools for a child
The most consideration is
Is it safe?
When was the child protection and toy safety act passed?
In 1969
5 points to remember when selecting safe toy
- Size of the toy and pieces should be bigger than 1.5 inches
- String no longer than 12 inches
Toys should be…
Age appropriate
Toys for 0-3 months
Why?
Colored pics, colored bumper pads
baby is immobile
Toys for 4-6 months
Why?
Teething rings, rattles, squeaky toys
Rolling over, hand dexterity, caus and effect
Toys for 7-9 months
Blocks, balls, stacking toys
Crawling, sitting up, better hand dexterity
Toys for 10-12 months
Why?
Push/pull toys, simple books
Standing up, walking beside furniture
What are toys designed to encourage?
- Hand eye coordination
- Large motor skills
- Manipulative and fine motor skills
- Basic concepts and problem solving
- Imitation and pretending
The number one leading cause of injury/death of infant (2)
Unintentional injuries
Baby head shaking syndrome
What does DPT stand for?
Diphtheria
Pertussis
Tetanus
How long someone can study without being bored
Attention span
The person who came up with the age/stage of child development theory
Piaget
