APUSH: Chapter 11 [DONE] Flashcards
what were some of the main beliefs of the Jeffersonian Democratic-Republicans?
agrarian (ppl who advocate distribution of land) purity, liberty, and states’ rights
what did the federalists accuse Thomas Jefferson of in the election of 1800?
stealing a widow and child’s trustfund
being the father of numerous children by his slave women
being an atheist
from what region of the country did Thomas Jefferson receive most of his support?
south and west virginia
what was so significant about Jefferson’s election and the “Revolution of 1800”
both powers accepted transfer of power peacefully
Jefferson won by the barest of margins
characterize how Jefferson and his administration utilized the office of the presidency - how did he lead the gov and nation?
alien and sedition acts expired
kept Hamiltonian system, except the excise tax
explain the main reason Jefferson opposed Adam’s last-minute appointment of federal judges to the bench
the Congress would be stacked high with federalists for life
as president, what did Jefferson do to the major Federalist economic programs?
kept all of them, except the excise tax
describe Marbury vs. Madison.
What was the constitutional question/issue of the case?
final authority to determine the meaning of the constitution, thanks to judicial review, supreme court had final say
as chief justice of the US, how did John Marshall transform the judicial branch of government?
he gave it more power
why did Jefferson end his opposition to the expansion of the navy?
pirates of northern African Barbary states plundered American merchant ships
what was Jefferson’s first major foreign-policy decision? (2)
“Peaceful coercion” - gave up military force
or
dispatched troops to Tripoli b/c of Pirates
why did Jefferson send two representatives to France in 1803?
to buy New Orleans b/c Spain withdrew the right of deposit
describe the British policy of impressment
forced enlistment of sailors
what did Jefferson do to deal with British and French violations of America’s neutrality?
embargo act - cut off ALL trade to EVERYONE
what arguments were used by the war hawks as a justification for a declaration of war against Britain?
to wipe out the Indian threat, which was supported by the British
why did Jefferson’s embargo act fail? (4)
Jefferson underestimated British determination
overestimated dependency on American Trade
the French just seized American ships and stole their cargo
British traded with Latin America
What major foreign-policy mistake did Pres. James Monroe make?
accepted French offer to repeal embargo, but it failed, so that pinned the US against the Britain
after it started, what region of the country strongly supported the War of 1812, why?
republicans in the middle states
south and west
what was the opinion of the New England states during the War of 1812?
sympathized with Britain
resented republican’s sympathy towards Napoleon
opposed acquisition of Canada b/c it would strengthen Jeffersonian republicans
Revolution of 1800 (2)
electoral victory of Democratic Republicans (Jefferson) and the Federalists (Adams), who lost.
- transfer of power was peaceful
Patronage
practice of rewarding political support with special favors, often in the form of public office
Judiciary act of 1801
passed by departing Federalist congress, it created 16 new federal judgeships, which ensured a federalists hold on the judiciary
midnight judges
federal justices appointed by Adams during the last days of his presidency.
Marbury vs. Madison
supreme court case that established the priniciple of “judicial review” - the idea that the supreme court had the final authority to determine constitutionality
Tripolitan war
4-year conflict b/t American navy and North-African nation of Tripoli over piracy in the mediterranean
Louisiana purchase
acquisition of Louisiana territory from France
corps of discovery
team of adventurers, led by Meriwether Lewis and William Clark, sent by Jefferson to explore Louisiana territory and find a water route to the Pacific.
orders in council
edicts issued by the British Crown closing French-owned European ports to foreign shipping
(edict = an official or proclamation)
impressment
act of forcibly drafting an individual into military service, employed by the British navy against American seamen in times of war against France
Chesapeake affair
conflict b/t Britain and the US that resulted in the 1807 embargo
non-intercourse act
America reopened trade with all but Britain and France
Macon’s bill no. 2
aimed at resuming peaceful trade with Britain and France, the act stipulated that if either Britain or France repealed its trade restrictions, the US would reinstate the embargo against the nations
war hawks
democratic-republican congressmen who pressed Madison to declare war on Britain
- mainly came from south and west
Battle of Tippecanoe
resulted in the defeat of Shawnee chief Tenskwatawa, the “Prophet” at the hands of William Henry Harrison
