Chemistry - TRIMESTER TWO REVIEW

Question 1

cation

Answer 1

positive charge

Question 2

anion

Answer 2

negative charge

Question 3

naming acids: (3)

• ide –>
• ite –>
• ate –>

Answer 3

hydro + -ic

• ous acid
• ic acid

Question 4

naming covalent bond prefixes # 1-10 (10)

Answer 4

1 = mono
2 = di
3 = tri
4 = tetra 
5 = penta 
6 = hepta 
7 = hexa
8 = octa
9 = nona 
10 = deca

Question 5

one mole = …?

Answer 5

6.02 x 10^23 representative particles

Question 6

volume units at STP?

Answer 6

22.4 L = 1 mole

Question 7

percent composition steps (3)

Answer 7

1. find mass of each individual element and multiply it by how many atoms of each element is present
2. add it up and get total
3. take the elements’ total mass for each individual element and divide it by the compounds total mass to get the percent of each element in the compound

Question 8

empirical formula steps (4)

Answer 8

1. take given amounts and convert to moles
2. take the results from step 1 and divide it by the smallest number from step 1
3. multiply number from step 2 by 1 mole of each element
4. resulted number = the number of atoms in the empirical formula

Question 9

molecular formula steps (3)

Answer 9

1. find empirical formula
2. take the molar mass of the compound and divide it by the empirical formula’s molar mass
3. the results from step 2 and multiply it by the empirical formula’s subscript numbers

Question 10

what are the signs of a chemical reaction? (3)

Answer 10

production of a gas

color change

formation of a precipitate

Question 11

skeleton equation

Answer 11

chemical equation that doesn’t indicate the relative amounts of the reactants and products

ex. Fe + O2 –> Fe2O3

Question 12

combination reaction

Answer 12

A + B –> AB

Question 13

decomposition reaction

Answer 13

AB –> A + B

Question 14

single-replacement reaction

Answer 14

A + BC –> B + AC

Question 15

double-replacement reaction

Answer 15

A(+)B(-) + C(+)D(-) –> A(+)D(-) + C(+)B(-)

reactants and products - 2 ionic compounds

Question 16

combustion reaction (2)

Answer 16

reactants: C, H, and O
product: CO2, H2O, and maybe C and CO

Question 17

ask Cymerman about using activity series sheet thingy

Answer 17

so I can use it on final test

Question 18

stoichiometry

Answer 18

the calculations of quantities in chemical reactions

Question 19

limiting reactant steps (4)

Answer 19

1. balance chemical equation
2. take given amount of an element / compound and convert it to moles
3. take the largest number received from step 2 and multiply it by the mole ratio.
4. if the result from step 3 is smaller than the smaller number from step 2, than it is the limiting reactant.

Question 20

theoretical yield steps (2)

Answer 20

1. convert the given amount to moles

2. multiply results from step 1 by the mole ratio

Question 21

percent yield

Answer 21

(actual yield / theoretical yield) x 100%

Question 22

kinetic theory

Answer 22

states that all matter consists of tiny particles that are in constant motion

Question 23

Gases are… (7)

Answer 23

small

hard

insignificant volume

has rapid, constant, and random motion of particles

collisions b/t particles = perfectly elastic

particles travel in straight-line paths b/t collisions

particles = far apart and have no attractive/repulsive forces

Question 24

absolute zero (3)

Answer 24

temp. where motion of particles theoretically ceases

O K or -273.15 degrees Celsius

no temp. can be lower than this

Question 25

the kelvin temp. scale reflects… (2)

Answer 25

the relationship b/t temp. and average kinetic energy (they are both directly related)

kelvin temp = directly proportional to the average kinetic energy of the particles of the substances

Question 26

properties of liquids (4)

Answer 26

particles have kinetic energy, which allows them to flow past one another

particles have attractive forces

denser than gases

considered a condensed state of matter (solids too)

Question 27

properties of solids (4)

Answer 27

particles are packed tightly together

densest among all states of matter

hard to compress

doesn’t flow

Question 28

phase diagrams

Answer 28

gives the conditions of temperature and pressure at which a substance exists as solid, liquid, or gas (vapor)

Question 29

when can a dynamic equilibrium exist b/t a liquid and its vapor? (2)

Answer 29

when its in a system at constant vapor pressure b/c the rate of evaporation = the rate of condensation of vapor

Question 30

when does a liquid boil?

Answer 30

when its vapor pressure = the external pressure

Question 31

what temp. are the melting and freezing points at to be considered at its equilibrium ?

Answer 31

when they are at the same temp.