Chemistry - TRIMESTER TWO REVIEW Flashcards
cation
positive charge
anion
negative charge
naming acids: (3)
- ide –>
- ite –>
- ate –>
hydro + -ic
- ous acid
- ic acid
naming covalent bond prefixes # 1-10 (10)
1 = mono 2 = di 3 = tri 4 = tetra 5 = penta 6 = hepta 7 = hexa 8 = octa 9 = nona 10 = deca
one mole = …?
6.02 x 10^23 representative particles
volume units at STP?
22.4 L = 1 mole
percent composition steps (3)
- find mass of each individual element and multiply it by how many atoms of each element is present
- add it up and get total
- take the elements’ total mass for each individual element and divide it by the compounds total mass to get the percent of each element in the compound
empirical formula steps (4)
- take given amounts and convert to moles
- take the results from step 1 and divide it by the smallest number from step 1
- multiply number from step 2 by 1 mole of each element
- resulted number = the number of atoms in the empirical formula
molecular formula steps (3)
- find empirical formula
- take the molar mass of the compound and divide it by the empirical formula’s molar mass
- the results from step 2 and multiply it by the empirical formula’s subscript numbers
what are the signs of a chemical reaction? (3)
production of a gas
color change
formation of a precipitate
skeleton equation
chemical equation that doesn’t indicate the relative amounts of the reactants and products
ex. Fe + O2 –> Fe2O3
combination reaction
A + B –> AB
decomposition reaction
AB –> A + B
single-replacement reaction
A + BC –> B + AC
double-replacement reaction
A(+)B(-) + C(+)D(-) –> A(+)D(-) + C(+)B(-)
reactants and products - 2 ionic compounds
combustion reaction (2)
reactants: C, H, and O
product: CO2, H2O, and maybe C and CO
ask Cymerman about using activity series sheet thingy
so I can use it on final test
stoichiometry
the calculations of quantities in chemical reactions
limiting reactant steps (4)
- balance chemical equation
- take given amount of an element / compound and convert it to moles
- take the largest number received from step 2 and multiply it by the mole ratio.
- if the result from step 3 is smaller than the smaller number from step 2, than it is the limiting reactant.
theoretical yield steps (2)
- convert the given amount to moles
2. multiply results from step 1 by the mole ratio
percent yield
(actual yield / theoretical yield) x 100%
kinetic theory
states that all matter consists of tiny particles that are in constant motion
Gases are… (7)
small
hard
insignificant volume
has rapid, constant, and random motion of particles
collisions b/t particles = perfectly elastic
particles travel in straight-line paths b/t collisions
particles = far apart and have no attractive/repulsive forces
absolute zero (3)
temp. where motion of particles theoretically ceases
O K or -273.15 degrees Celsius
no temp. can be lower than this
the kelvin temp. scale reflects… (2)
the relationship b/t temp. and average kinetic energy (they are both directly related)
kelvin temp = directly proportional to the average kinetic energy of the particles of the substances
properties of liquids (4)
particles have kinetic energy, which allows them to flow past one another
particles have attractive forces
denser than gases
considered a condensed state of matter (solids too)
properties of solids (4)
particles are packed tightly together
densest among all states of matter
hard to compress
doesn’t flow
phase diagrams
gives the conditions of temperature and pressure at which a substance exists as solid, liquid, or gas (vapor)
when can a dynamic equilibrium exist b/t a liquid and its vapor? (2)
when its in a system at constant vapor pressure b/c the rate of evaporation = the rate of condensation of vapor
when does a liquid boil?
when its vapor pressure = the external pressure
what temp. are the melting and freezing points at to be considered at its equilibrium ?
when they are at the same temp.
