APUSH - Ch. 27 Study Guide Flashcards
What was a major factor in the shift in American foreign policy toward imperialism in the late nineteenth century?
Overseas expansion?
What did Alfred Thayer Mahan believe?
that control of the sea was the key to world dominance
What did the numerous near-wars and diplomatic crises of the United States in the late 1880s and 1890s demonstrate?
the aggressive new national mood
Why did President Grover Cleveland reject the effort to annex Hawaii?
because he believed that his nation had wronged the deposed Queen Liliuokalani and her people
Explain and various reasons Americans favored providing aid to the Cuban revolutionaries (3)
their destructive tactics
they were underdogs
Cuba = panama canal
???
Why did the battleship Maine sink?
the explosion had resulted from spontaneous combustion in one of the coal bunkers next to a powder magazine
What was the main reason President William McKinley asked Congress to declare war on Spain? (4)
public pressure
he had little faith in Spain’s oft-broken promises
worried about Democratic reprisals in the upcoming presidential elections of 1900 if he continued to appear indecisive in a time of crisis
he acknowledged America’s commercial and strategic interests in Cuba
Describe the Teller Amendment
proclaimed to the world that when the U.S. had overthrown Spanish misrule, it would give Cuba its freedom
Describe the complex role Emilio Aguinaldo played in the Philippine-American War (3)
he captured Manila
he was brought in from Asia by Dewey in order to weaken Spanish resistance
was captured by Americans in 1901
What was the greatest controversy that emerged from the Spanish-American War?
what to do with the Filipinos
Under the Treaty of Paris with Spain, what became possessions of the United States?
Alaska, Hawaii, and a handful of Pacific atolls
How did President McKinley justify American acquisition of the Philippines?
he heard an inner voice telling him to take all of the Philippines and Christianize them and civilize them
What arguments did American imperialists promote in advocating acquisition of the Philippines?
they said that Philippine annexation would simply continue a history of expansion that had pushed American civilization to the Pacific and now beyond
What arguments did the Anti-imperialists advocate against acquiring the Philippine Islands?
that it would dishonor and ultimately destroy America’s venerable commitments to self-determinism and anti-colonialism
Where did the United States assert that it had a virtual right of continuing intervention in Cuba?
The Platt amendment
By acquiring the Philippine Islands at the end of the Spanish-American War, what was the impact on the United States? (2)
the closing of the “bloody chasm” between the North and the South
the U.S. became a full-fledged Far Eastern Power
Why did guerrilla warfare break out in the Philippines in 1899?
because they were ill-equipped
???
What did the American war against the Philippine insurrectionists promoting Philippine independence result in? (2)
Americans infiltrated a guerilla camp and captured Aguinaldo.
Filipinos pined for their own freedom
Describe President McKinley’s policy of benevolent assimilation in the Philippines
???
America’s initial Open Door policy was essentially an argument to promote what?
to further the westernization of Asia ???
How did the United States respond to the Boxer Rebellion? (2)
soldiers and American troops quelled the rebellion right in the nick of time
they acted angrily and vindictively
What was the main reason the Republicans won the election of 1900? (3)
because he had won a war and acquired rich real estate
he safeguarded the gold standard
he fulfilled the promised prosperity
Describe how Teddy Roosevelt believed that the president could take action as president.
he felt that the president may take any action in the general interest that is not specifically forbidden by the laws of the Constitution
What was the main motivation for constructing an isthmian canal across Central America? (2)
it would plainly augment the strength of the navy by increasing its mobility
it would help the defense of recent acquisitions
What did Teddy Roosevelt’s role in the Panamanian Revolution involve?
???
What did Theodore Roosevelt’s aggressive policies, along with the economic and political instability in Central America and the Caribbean, frequently lead to?
???
What did the Roosevelt Corollary add to the Monroe Doctrine?
A SHIELD - the U.S. would retain a right to intervene in the domestic affairs of Latin American nations in order to restore military and financial order
Discuss the impact the United States’ frequent interventions had in the affairs of Latin American countries in the early twentieth century. (3)
it promoted the “bad neighbor” policy
the Roosevelt Corollary was used to justify wholesale interventions and repeated landings of the marines
the Caribbean turned into a “Yankee Lake”
What was the primary result of Roosevelt’s diplomatic ending of the Russo-Japanese War? (3)
Russia accused TR of stealing their military victory
Japan felt cheated out of its compensation
The U.S. and Asia = rivals now
Describe the Root-Takahira agreement of 1908 (2)
the U.S. and Japan agreed to respect each other’s territorial possessions in the Pacific and to uphold the Open Door in China
it was credited with reducing the tension between them, but it weakened American influence over further Japanese leadership in China
