APUSH: Chapter 9 [DONE] Flashcards
part 1 of 4
Society of the Cincinnati
Exclusive, hereditary organization of former officers in the Continental Army.
Disestablished
to separate an official state church from its connection with the government *after the Revolution, all states disestablished the Anglican Church
Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom
measure enacted by the Virginia legislature, which prohibited state support for religious institutions and recognizing freedom of worship
Civic Virtue
Willingness on the part of citizens to sacrifice personal self interest for the public good
Articles of Confederation
First American Constitution that established the US as a loose confederation of states under a weak national Congress –> had no power to regulate commerce or enforce taxes
Old Northwest
territories acquired by the federal government from the states
Land Ordinance of 1785
provided for the sale of land in the Old Northwest and used the proceeds toward repaying national debt.
Northwest Ordinance
Created a policy for administering the Northwest territories; forbade the expansion of slavery into territiores
Shays’ Rebellion
armed uprising of western Massachusetts debtors seeking lower taxes and an end to property foreclosures; this inspired fears of “mob rule” among leading revolutionaries
Virginia Plan “Large-state Plan”
proposal for the new Constitution, which called for proportional representation in both houses of a bicameral Congress *favored larger states
New Jersey Plan “Small-state Plan”
Located at the Philadelphia convention, the plan proposed equal representation by state, regardless of population, in a unicameral legislature *they feared large state domination above others
Great Compromise
reconciled the New Jersey and Virginia plans at the constitutional convention, giving states proportional representation in the House and equal representation in the Senate.
common law
The U.S. Constitution grew out of the Anglo-American common law tradition and thus provided only a general organization framework for the new federal government *they shortened it up and made it less detailed
civil law
body of written law enacted through legislative statutes or constitutional provisions. *judges must apply the statutes precisely as written, where the law is enforced
three-fifths compromise
determined that each slave would be counted as three-fifths of a person for the purpose of apportioning taxes and representation; granted disproportionate political power for the Southern slave states
antifederalists
People who opposed the new Constitution because they thought it was antidemocratic, control of the states by the Central government, and feared for individuals’ liberties due to the absence of the bill of rights
federalists
people who fought for the new Constitution; favored a strong National government and argued that the checks and balances in the Constitution would safeguard people’s liberties.
The Federalist (not the people)
collection of essays written by John Jay, James Madison, and Alexander Hamilton which were published during the ratification debate in New York to serve as propaganda for the defense of the Constitution
Who was Lord Sheffield?
Wrote a popular pamphlet in England that said Britain would win back America’s trade and that commerce would naturally follow old channels.
Who was Daniel Shays?
Revolutionary war veteran who led the failed Shays’ rebellion which consisted of poor farmers
What was James Madison nicknamed due to his contributions ? (2)
Nicknamed the “Father of the Constitution” due to his notable contributable idea and he contributed to The Federalist
Describe the political climate of America in the 1780’s? (3)
- Americans had loose confederation
- Weak Congress
- Anarchy; democratic life
what was a major test to the new Republic? (3)
- staying united
- protecting their rights against the government
- defending themselves against foreign foes
where was the struggle to separate religion and government the greatest during this period?
Virginia
