APUSH: Chapter 10 [DONE]

Question 1

define Bill of Rights

Answer 1

states the first ten amendments of the Constitution

Question 2

define Judiciary Act of 1789

Answer 2

organized the federal legal system, establishing the Supreme Court, federal district and circuit courts, and the office of the attorney general

Question 3

define funding at par

Answer 3

payment of debts, such as government bonds, at face value. (due to Hamilton’s assumption act?)

Question 4

define assumption

Answer 4

transfer of debt from one party to another (federal gov. assumed states’ revolutionary war debts)

Question 5

define excise tax

Answer 5

tax on goods produced domestically, notably a tax on whiskey –> whiskey rebellion (Hamilton’s excise tax)

Question 6

define Bank of the United States

Answer 6

chartered by congress as part of Hamilton’s financial program

Question 7

define Reign of Terror

Answer 7

10 month period of repressions when about 40,000 individuals were executed as enemies of the French revolution.

Question 8

define Battle of Fallen Timbers

Answer 8

battle between Miami Confederacy and the U.S. army

• Britain refused to shelter runaway Indians, so they were forced to make a treaty with U.S.

Question 9

Define Treaty of Greenville

Answer 9

treaty between U.S. and Miami confederacy

Question 10

define farewell address

Answer 10

Washington’s farewell speech as President, where he warned the people against “permanent alliances”

Question 11

define Convention of 1800

Answer 11

agreement to finally dissolve the US’s treaty with France

Question 12

define Alien Laws

Answer 12

acts passed by a Federalist congress, which raised residency requirement for citizenship to 14 years

also granted the President the power to deport dangerous foreigners in time of peace

Question 13

define Sedition Act (2)

Answer 13

enacted by Federalist congress in an effort to squash freedom of speech and press by convicting anyone who defamed officials or interfering with gov. policies with a fine and jail time

act expired in 1801

Question 14

define Virginia and Kentucky resolutions

what do they state?

Answer 14

statements secretly drafted by Jefferson and Madison for the legislatures of Kentucky and Virginia

argued that states were the final disputers of whether the federal gov. overstepped its boundaries and could therefore nullify, or refuse to accept, national legislation they deemed unconstitutional

Question 15

define Whiskey Rebellion

Answer 15

uprising of whiskey distillers in southwestern Pennsylvania in opposition to the excise tax that put a tax on whiskey

Question 16

describe the American nation at the start of the 1790’s (3)

Answer 16

population rose

new states were admitted

states unanimously voted for Washington as President

Question 17

with the new constitution in place, describe one of the first jobs facing the new government

Answer 17

drawing up the bill of rights (drafted by James Madison)

Question 18

who favored and benefitted from Alexander Hamilton’s financial and economic development programs for the united states ?

Answer 18

states with large debts favored it, especially Massachusetts

Question 19

describe Alexander Hamilton politically and personally. (4)

Answer 19

native of British West Indies

secretary of the treasury

jefferson’s opponent

financial wizard

Question 20

How did Hamilton justify the proposed bank of the United States? (6)

Answer 20

he believed that what the constitution did not forbid, it permit.

he said that it would stimulate business, print money, provide a stable currency, “loose interpretation”

the Congress had the right to pass because of the “proper and necessary” law

Question 21

What caused the Whiskey Rebellion of 1794 in southwestern Pennsylvania ? (2)

Answer 21

Hamilton’s excise tax on domestic items, notably whiskey.

“whiskey boys” stated that the tax was a burden on an economic necessity

Question 22

Hamilton’s major programs sharply infringe on whom?

Answer 22

the states’ rights

Question 23

Washington’s neutrality proclamation of 1793; Describe it and list why it was created (2)

Answer 23

Washington declared America as neutral concerning the battle between Britain and France

he wanted to avoid a war at all costs b/c the country was too weak and they were disunited.

Question 24

when the French Revolution developed into a war with Britain, how did George Washington and the American government react? (3)

Answer 24

Washington and Hamilton were desperate to avoid a war

Washington, Hamilton, and Jefferson all agreed.

U.S. fought Miami confederacy and gained tracts of the Old Northwest

Question 25

During its first presidential administrations, what foreign powers caused the most concern for America?

Answer 25

Britain - they were bitter about the Paris treaty

the Indians (Miami confederacy) - used as a buffer by Britain; Battle of fallen timbers (b/t Confederacy and Americans)

France - felt betrayed by Jay’s treaty (b/t Britain and America)

Question 26

How did Britain make neutrality very difficult for the US during the French and British conflicts of the 1790’s? (3)

Answer 26

British tried starving out the French and thought that Americans would step in to defend them, so they seized American ships in the West Indies

Britain held fur trading posts on US soil, even after the Paris Treaty; sold firearms to Indians

Question 27

The Treaty of Greenville signed in August with the Miami Confederation resulted in all of the following: (4)

Answer 27

Confederacy gave up large tracts of Old Northwest

Indians received $20,000 and $9,000 annually

the right to hunt on lands they had ceded

recognition of the Indians being sovereign states

Question 28

What is the Pinckney’s Treaty? (2)

What was included? (3)

Answer 28

Treaty between Spain and America; Spain feared alliance b/t America and Britain

acquired free navigation of the Mississippi River, the rights to deposit at New Orleans, and the large disputed territory north of Florida

Question 29

what did the British pledge to do in Jay’s treaty?

Answer 29

to get rid of trading posts on US soil and to pay debts for previous seized merchant ships

Question 30

what impact did John Jay’s treaty with Britain have ? (3)

Answer 30

• Spain feared alliance –> Pinckney Treaty
• Washington retired after 2nd term
• Angered the Jeffersonians

Question 31

Arrange the events in chronological order:

Kentucky and Virginia resolutions, Jay’s Treaty, Neutrality Proclamation, and the XYZ Affair (5)

Answer 31

1. Neutrality Proclamation - 1793
2. Jay’s Treaty - 1794
3. XYZ Affair - 1797
4. Kentucky Resolutions - 1798
5. Virginia Resolutions - 1799

Question 32

the 1796 Presidential Campaign focused heavily on what?

Answer 32

personalities

Question 33

What was the immediate cause of the undeclared war b/t the US and France?

Answer 33

XYZ affair, where 3-go betweens tried to bribe envoys in Paris so the Americans could simply talk to Tally Rand; Americans quickly denied them.

Question 34

Why did the French grow angry with the US after 1794? (2)

Answer 34

they believed that Jay’s treaty violated their Franco-American Treaty and thought it was the initial step towards an alliance

Question 35

what did the Sedition Act do?

Answer 35

fined and imprisoned people who impeded the policies of the government (alien laws) or falsely defamed its officials, including the President.

Question 36

to whom was the Federalist-dominated Congress’s Alien Act aimed? On other hand, the Sedition Act was primarily aimed at whom? (2)

Answer 36

Jeffersonians and undesired immigrants (lacked wealth)

Question 37

What was the main purpose of the Alien and Sedition acts?

Answer 37

to silence freedom of speech and freedom of press

Question 38

who did federalists advocate would be the best rulers? (2)

Answer 38

the “best people”

“those who own the country, ought to govern it”

Question 39

Describe the political system Thomas Jefferson favored (9)

Answer 39

antifederalist (democratic - republican / republican)

appealed strongest to middle class and under (poor ppl)

aristocratic

sympathetic to needy

favored weak central gov; favored power within the states

advocated rule of the people

favored agricultural branch of the economy

advocated slavery

supported freedom of speech and press

Question 40

who were viewed as the ideal citizen by the Jeffersonian Republicans?

Answer 40

white, free, literate, men

Question 41

Hamilton’s views? (6)

Answer 41

federalist

rule by “best people”

favored strong central government

loose interpretation of constitution

powerful central bank

restrictions on free speech and free press