APUSH: Chapter 10 [DONE] Flashcards
part 2 of 4
define Bill of Rights
states the first ten amendments of the Constitution
define Judiciary Act of 1789
organized the federal legal system, establishing the Supreme Court, federal district and circuit courts, and the office of the attorney general
define funding at par
payment of debts, such as government bonds, at face value. (due to Hamilton’s assumption act?)
define assumption
transfer of debt from one party to another (federal gov. assumed states’ revolutionary war debts)
define excise tax
tax on goods produced domestically, notably a tax on whiskey –> whiskey rebellion (Hamilton’s excise tax)
define Bank of the United States
chartered by congress as part of Hamilton’s financial program
define Reign of Terror
10 month period of repressions when about 40,000 individuals were executed as enemies of the French revolution.
define Battle of Fallen Timbers
battle between Miami Confederacy and the U.S. army
- Britain refused to shelter runaway Indians, so they were forced to make a treaty with U.S.
Define Treaty of Greenville
treaty between U.S. and Miami confederacy
define farewell address
Washington’s farewell speech as President, where he warned the people against “permanent alliances”
define Convention of 1800
agreement to finally dissolve the US’s treaty with France
define Alien Laws
acts passed by a Federalist congress, which raised residency requirement for citizenship to 14 years
also granted the President the power to deport dangerous foreigners in time of peace
define Sedition Act (2)
enacted by Federalist congress in an effort to squash freedom of speech and press by convicting anyone who defamed officials or interfering with gov. policies with a fine and jail time
act expired in 1801
define Virginia and Kentucky resolutions
what do they state?
statements secretly drafted by Jefferson and Madison for the legislatures of Kentucky and Virginia
argued that states were the final disputers of whether the federal gov. overstepped its boundaries and could therefore nullify, or refuse to accept, national legislation they deemed unconstitutional
define Whiskey Rebellion
uprising of whiskey distillers in southwestern Pennsylvania in opposition to the excise tax that put a tax on whiskey
describe the American nation at the start of the 1790’s (3)
population rose
new states were admitted
states unanimously voted for Washington as President
with the new constitution in place, describe one of the first jobs facing the new government
drawing up the bill of rights (drafted by James Madison)
who favored and benefitted from Alexander Hamilton’s financial and economic development programs for the united states ?
states with large debts favored it, especially Massachusetts
describe Alexander Hamilton politically and personally. (4)
native of British West Indies
secretary of the treasury
jefferson’s opponent
financial wizard
How did Hamilton justify the proposed bank of the United States? (6)
he believed that what the constitution did not forbid, it permit.
he said that it would stimulate business, print money, provide a stable currency, “loose interpretation”
the Congress had the right to pass because of the “proper and necessary” law
What caused the Whiskey Rebellion of 1794 in southwestern Pennsylvania ? (2)
Hamilton’s excise tax on domestic items, notably whiskey.
“whiskey boys” stated that the tax was a burden on an economic necessity
Hamilton’s major programs sharply infringe on whom?
the states’ rights
Washington’s neutrality proclamation of 1793; Describe it and list why it was created (2)
Washington declared America as neutral concerning the battle between Britain and France
he wanted to avoid a war at all costs b/c the country was too weak and they were disunited.
when the French Revolution developed into a war with Britain, how did George Washington and the American government react? (3)
Washington and Hamilton were desperate to avoid a war
Washington, Hamilton, and Jefferson all agreed.
U.S. fought Miami confederacy and gained tracts of the Old Northwest
During its first presidential administrations, what foreign powers caused the most concern for America?
Britain - they were bitter about the Paris treaty
the Indians (Miami confederacy) - used as a buffer by Britain; Battle of fallen timbers (b/t Confederacy and Americans)
France - felt betrayed by Jay’s treaty (b/t Britain and America)
How did Britain make neutrality very difficult for the US during the French and British conflicts of the 1790’s? (3)
British tried starving out the French and thought that Americans would step in to defend them, so they seized American ships in the West Indies
Britain held fur trading posts on US soil, even after the Paris Treaty; sold firearms to Indians
The Treaty of Greenville signed in August with the Miami Confederation resulted in all of the following: (4)
Confederacy gave up large tracts of Old Northwest
Indians received $20,000 and $9,000 annually
the right to hunt on lands they had ceded
recognition of the Indians being sovereign states
What is the Pinckney’s Treaty? (2)
What was included? (3)
Treaty between Spain and America; Spain feared alliance b/t America and Britain
acquired free navigation of the Mississippi River, the rights to deposit at New Orleans, and the large disputed territory north of Florida
what did the British pledge to do in Jay’s treaty?
to get rid of trading posts on US soil and to pay debts for previous seized merchant ships
what impact did John Jay’s treaty with Britain have ? (3)
- Spain feared alliance –> Pinckney Treaty
- Washington retired after 2nd term
- Angered the Jeffersonians
Arrange the events in chronological order:
Kentucky and Virginia resolutions, Jay’s Treaty, Neutrality Proclamation, and the XYZ Affair (5)
- Neutrality Proclamation - 1793
- Jay’s Treaty - 1794
- XYZ Affair - 1797
- Kentucky Resolutions - 1798
- Virginia Resolutions - 1799
the 1796 Presidential Campaign focused heavily on what?
personalities
What was the immediate cause of the undeclared war b/t the US and France?
XYZ affair, where 3-go betweens tried to bribe envoys in Paris so the Americans could simply talk to Tally Rand; Americans quickly denied them.
Why did the French grow angry with the US after 1794? (2)
they believed that Jay’s treaty violated their Franco-American Treaty and thought it was the initial step towards an alliance
what did the Sedition Act do?
fined and imprisoned people who impeded the policies of the government (alien laws) or falsely defamed its officials, including the President.
to whom was the Federalist-dominated Congress’s Alien Act aimed? On other hand, the Sedition Act was primarily aimed at whom? (2)
Jeffersonians and undesired immigrants (lacked wealth)
What was the main purpose of the Alien and Sedition acts?
to silence freedom of speech and freedom of press
who did federalists advocate would be the best rulers? (2)
the “best people”
“those who own the country, ought to govern it”
Describe the political system Thomas Jefferson favored (9)
antifederalist (democratic - republican / republican)
appealed strongest to middle class and under (poor ppl)
aristocratic
sympathetic to needy
favored weak central gov; favored power within the states
advocated rule of the people
favored agricultural branch of the economy
advocated slavery
supported freedom of speech and press
who were viewed as the ideal citizen by the Jeffersonian Republicans?
white, free, literate, men
Hamilton’s views? (6)
federalist
rule by “best people”
favored strong central government
loose interpretation of constitution
powerful central bank
restrictions on free speech and free press
