Chemistry - Ch. 15.2, 16.1, and 16.2 Test Review

Question 1

Aqueous solution

Answer 1

water that contains dissolved substances

Solvent: the dissolving medium

Question 2

Solvent

Answer 2

the dissolving medium

Question 3

Solute

Answer 3

the dissolved particles in a solution

Question 4

Solvation

Answer 4

The process by which the positive and negative ions of an ionic solid become surrounded by solvent molecules

Question 5

Electrolyte

Answer 5

a compound that conducts an electric current when it is in an aqueous solutions or in the molten state; the substance dissolves as ions

Question 6

Nonelectrolyte

Answer 6

a compound that doesn’t conduct an electric current in either an aqueous solutions or the molten state

Question 7

Strong Electrolyte (2)

Answer 7

where all or nearly all of the solute exists as ions; when the solute is completely ionized in a solution

Question 8

Weak Electrolyte (2)

Answer 8

Conducts an electric current poorly because only a fraction of the solute in the solution exists as ions; only partially ionized

Question 9

Water of Hydration

Answer 9

the water contained in a crystal

Question 10

Hydrate

Answer 10

A compound that contains water of hydration

Question 11

Anhydrous

Answer 11

a substance that does not contain water

Question 12

Effloresce

Answer 12

where a hydrate has a vapor pressure higher than the pressure of water vapor in the air and the hydrate will lose its water of hydration

Question 13

Hygroscopic

Answer 13

hydrates and other compounds that remove moisture from air

Question 14

Desiccant

Answer 14

substance used to absorb moisture from the air and create a dry atmosphere; used as a drying agent

Question 15

Deliquescent

Answer 15

compounds that remove sufficient water from the air to dissolve completely and form solutions

Question 16

Saturated Solution

Answer 16

contains the maximum amount of solute for a given quantity of solvent at a constant temperature and pressure

Question 17

Solubility

Answer 17

the amount of solute that dissolves in a given quantity of a solvent at a specified temperature and pressure to produce a saturated solution

Question 18

Unsaturated Solution

Answer 18

solution that contains less solute than a saturated solution at a given temperature and pressure

Question 19

Miscible

Answer 19

two liquids that dissolve in each other in all proportions

Ex water and diethyl

Question 20

Immiscible

Answer 20

Liquids that are don’t dissolve; are insoluble

Ex. oil and water

Question 21

Supersaturated Solution

Answer 21

contains more solute than it can theoretically hold at a given temperature

Question 22

Henry’s Law

Answer 22

states that at a given temperature, the solubility (S) of a gas in a liquid is DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL to the pressure (P) of the gas above the liquid

Question 23

Concentration

Answer 23

a measure of the amount of solute that is dissolved in a given quantity of solvent

Question 24

Dilute Solution

Answer 24

a solution that contains a relatively small amount of solute

Question 25

Concentrated Solution

Answer 25

contains a large amount of solute

Question 26

Molarity (M)

Answer 26

the number of moles of solute dissolved in one liter of solution

Question 27

Formula to find the percent by mass of H20 = ...

Answer 27

(Mass of Water / Mass of Hydrate) x 100%

Question 28

Formula for Henry's Law = ...

Answer 28

S1 / P1 = S2 / P2

Question 29

Formula to find Molarity = ...

Answer 29

Moles of Solute / Liters of Solution

Question 30

Formula to find Moles of Solute = ... (Dilution)

Answer 30

(M1)(V1)=(M2)(V2)

Question 31

Formula to find percent by volume = ...

Answer 31

(Volume of Solute / Volume of Solution) x 100%

Question 32

Formula to find Percent by Mass = ...

Answer 32

(Mass of Solute / Mass of Solution) x 100%

Question 33

Solution Equilibrium

Answer 33

Reached when the rate of solution and the rate of crystallization are equal - Saturated Solutions = reaches equilibrium - Unsaturated Solutions = does not reach equilibrium

Question 34

Seeding

Answer 34

the addition of a crystal to a supersaturated solution causing it to crystallize

Question 35

How does temperature affect the SOLUBILITY of liquids and solids? Gases?

Answer 35

^ temp of solvent = ^ solubility of the solute ^ Temp = decreased solubility

Question 36

How does the pressure affect the SOLUBILITY of gases?

Answer 36

Henry's Law --> solubility and pressure = directly proportional

Question 37

Water is... (2)

Answer 37

a polar liquid a solvent for many solutions

Question 38

What is Carbon Tetrafluoride (CF4)?

Answer 38

A nonelectrolyte

Question 39

How can you increase the rate at which a solute dissolves? (not main methods)

Answer 39

grinding, stirring, mixing

Question 40

The relative amounts of solute and solvent in a solution can be described qualitatively as... (2)

Answer 40

diluted concentrated

Question 41

Quantitative Units of Concentration include... (3)

Answer 41

1. percent by mass 2. percent by volume 3. molar concentration

Question 42

In dilution........ (amount changes)

Answer 42

the moles of the solute remain the same, while the amount of solvent changes

Question 43

Explain "Like dissolves Like" (2)

Answer 43

Polar solvents such as water dissolve ionic compounds and polar compounds Nonpolar solvents such as gasoline dissolve nonpolar compounds