APUSH - Ch. 38-40 Test Answers?

Question 1

When he became attorney general, what did Robert Kennedy refocus the attention of the FBI on?

Answer 1

organized crime and civil rights.

Question 2

When he took office in 1961, how did President Kennedy chose to try to stimulate the sluggish economy?

Answer 2

a tax cut

Question 3

John F. Kennedy’s strategy of “flexible response”

Answer 3

called for a variety of military options that could be matched to the scope and importance of a crisis.

Question 4

While it seemed sane enough, John F. Kennedy’s doctrine of flexible response contained some lethal logic that

Answer 4

potentially lowered the level at which diplomacy would give way to shooting.

Question 5

American military forces entered Vietnam in order to

Answer 5

prevent Ngo Dinh Diem’s regime from falling to the communists.

Question 6

The Alliance for Progress was intended to improve the level of economic well-being in

Answer 6

Latin America

Question 7

Why did the Bay of Pigs invasion fail? (Page 978)

Answer 7

Kennedy did not bring in air support ?

Question 8

When the Soviet Union attempted to install nuclear weapons in Cuba,

Answer 8

a naval quarantine of that island

Question 9

The Cuban missile crisis resulted in all of the following (4)

Answer 9

the removal of Nikita Khrushchev from power in the Soviet Union

a U.S. promise not to invade Cuba

an ambitious program of military expansion by the Soviet Union

withdrawal of U.S. missiles in Turkey

Question 10

In a speech at American University in 1963, President Kennedy recommended the adoption of a policy toward the Soviet Union based on

Answer 10

peaceful coexistence.

Question 11

At first, John F. Kennedy moved very slowly in the area of racial justice because he

Answer 11

needed the support of southern legislators to pass his economic and social legislation.

Question 12

John Kennedy joined hands with the civil rights movement when he

Answer 12

sent federal marshals to protect the Freedom Riders.

Question 13

President Kennedy ordered hundreds of federal marshals and thousands of federal troops to force the racial integration of

Answer 13

the University of Mississippi.

Question 14

At the time of his death, President John Kennedy’s civil rights bill

Answer 14

was locked in a filibuster in the U.S. Senate.

Question 15

President Johnson proved to be much more successful than President Kennedy at

Answer 15

working with Congress

Question 16

President Johnson called his package of domestic reform proposals the

Answer 16

Great Society

Question 17

With the passage of the Tonkin Gulf Resolution,

Answer 17

Congress handed the president a blank check to use further force in Vietnam.

Question 18

All of the following programs were created by Lyndon Johnson’s
administration (4)

Answer 18

the National Endowment for the Arts and the Humanities

Project Head Start

Medicare

Office of Economic Opportunity

Question 19

In the final analysis, Lyndon Johnson’s Great Society programs

Answer 19

won some noteworthy battles in education and health care.

Question 20

The landmark Civil Rights Act of 1964 accomplished all of the following (4)

Answer 20

creation of the Equal Employment opportunity commission

prohibiting discrimination based on gender

banning sexual as well as racial discrimination

banning racial discrimination in most private facilities open to the public

Question 21

As a result of the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965,

Answer 21

sources of immigration shifted to Latin America and Asia.

Question 22

Beginning in 1964, the chief goal of the black civil rights movement in the South was to

Answer 22

secure the right to vote.

Question 23

As a result of the Voting Rights Act of 1965,

Answer 23

white southerners began to court black votes.

Question 24

The Watts riot in 1965 symbolized

Answer 24

the more militant and confrontational phase of the civil rights movement.

Question 25

Black leaders in the 1960s included , an advocate of peaceable resistance; , who favored black separatism; and , an advocate of “Black Power.”

Answer 25

Martin Luther King, Jr.; Malcolm X; Stokely Carmichael

Question 26

By the late 1960s, Black Power advocates in the North focused their attention primarily on

Answer 26

economic demands

Question 27

Where did Lyndon Johnson send 25,000 American troops to counteract alleged communist influence?

Answer 27

Dominical Republic

Question 28

The most serious blow to Lyndon Johnson’s Vietnam policy

Answer 28

was the Tet offensive of 1968.

Question 29

During the Vietnam War, President Lyndon Johnson ordered the CIA, in clear violation of its charter, to

Answer 29

spy on domestic antiwar protestors.

Question 30

The 1968 Democratic party convention witnessed

Answer 30

a police riot against antiwar demonstrators outside the convention hall.

Question 31

The third-party candidate for president in 1968 was

Answer 31

George Wallace

Question 32

Both major-party presidential candidates in 1968 agreed that the United States should

Answer 32

continue the war in pursuit of an “honorable peace.”

Question 33

The skepticism about authority that emerged in the United States during the 1960s

Answer 33

had deep historical roots in American culture.

Question 34

The site of the first major militant protest on behalf of gay liberation in 1969 was

Answer 34

the Stonewall Inn (New York City).

Question 35

Lyndon Johnson’s insistence on fighting the Vietnam War and funding the Great Society with a tax increase to pay for them led to

Answer 35

a drastic inflation of prices in the 1970s.

Question 36

The poor economic performance of the I970s brought an abrupt end to

Answer 36

the liberal dream that affluent American could spend its way to social justice.

Question 37

The Nixon Doctrine proclaimed that the United States would

Answer 37

honor its existing defense commitment, but that in the future its allies would have to fight their own wars without large numbers of American troops.

Question 38

Despite his political skills and foreign policy knowledge, Richard Nixon harbored deep and bitter resentments against

Answer 38

the liberal establishment that had fought him throughout his career.

Question 39

Perhaps Richard Nixon’s most valuable asset as he began the presidency in 1969 was his

Answer 39

expertise in foreign affairs.

Question 40

President Nixon’s policy of Vietnamization of the war in Vietnam called for

Answer 40

a gradual handover of the ground war to the South Vietnamese

Question 41

Richard Nixon’s Vietnam policy included all of the following

Answer 41

Vietnamization

extension of the war to Cambodia

massive bombing campaigns in Vietnam

creating a draft lottery and reducing draft calls

Question 42

As a result of Richard Nixon;s aerial bombing of neutral Cambodia in 1973

Answer 42

The Cambodian economy was ruined and its policies revolutionized.

Question 43

The ….. Amendment …. the voting age to ….

Answer 43

Twenty-Sixth; lowered; eighteen

Question 44

The top-secret Pentagon Papers, leaked and published in 1971

Answer 44

exposed the deception that had led the United States into the Vietnam War

Question 45

President Nixon’s chief foreign policy adviser, throughout his administration, was

Answer 45

Henry Kissinger

Question 46

Richard Nixon’s policy of detente

Answer 46

ushered in an era of relaxed tensions between the United States and the two leading communist powers, China and Soviet Union

Question 47

The Nixon administration still reflected a staunch anticommunist policy when it engaged in covert operations to overthrow the elected leftist government of

Answer 47

Chile

Question 48

In Griswold v. Connecticut, the Supreme Court upheld a married couple’s right to use contraceptives based on

Answer 48

a right to privacy.

Question 49

The Supreme Court’s Miranda and Escobendo decisions came under sharp attack from many conservatives because they

Answer 49

guaranteed the rights of criminal suspects against mistreatment by the police.

Question 50

The Supreme Court, under Chief Justice Earl Warren, outraged religious conservatives in 1962-1963 when it…

Answer 50

ruled that prayer and Bible reading in public school violated the First Amendment.

Question 51

When it came to welfare programs, Richard Nixon

Answer 51

supported significant expansion in many areas.

Question 52

The Environmental Protection Agency and the Occupational Safety and health Administration aroused bitter opposition among many business people because

Answer 52

They directly involved the federal government in many aspects of business decision making.

Question 53

Richard Nixon’s southern strategy included the policy of

Answer 53

soft-pedaling civil rights an opposing school busing to achieve racial balance.

Question 54

As a presidential candidate, South Dakota Senator George McGovern appealed most strongly to the

Answer 54

antiwar movement

Question 55

The 1973 War Powers Act

Answer 55

required the president to report to congress any commitments of American troops.

Question 56

America’s strong support for Israel in the 1973 Arab-Israeli War led to

Answer 56

an OPEC oil boycott of the United States and a subsequent energy crisis and recession.

Question 57

The list of Nixon illegal administration activities uncovered in the watergate scandal included all of the following (4)

Answer 57

forging documents to discredit Democrats

using the internal Revenue Service to harass its enemies

breaking into the Democratic party Headquarters in order to bug them

using the FBI and CIA to cover up previous crimes

Question 58

Richard Nixon tried to resist giving his taped conversations to the special prosecutor and the Congress by claiming that

Answer 58

he had executive privilege (confidentiality).

Question 59

Congressman Gerlad Ford had become the VP of the United States when

Answer 59

Spiro Agnew resigned on corruption charged and Nixon appointed Ford under the 25th Amendment.

Question 60

The most controversial action of Gerald Ford’s presidency was

Answer 60

pardoning Nixon for any known or unknown crimes he had committed while president.

Question 61

When the North Vietnamese launched a full scale invasion of South Vietnam in 1975,

Answer 61

the South Vietnamese government quickly collapsed

Question 62

While most of the social movements born in the 1960s declined or disappeared, one that continued and gained even greater momentum in the 1970s was the

Answer 62

feminist movement

Question 63

Title IX was passed by Congress in 1972 to

Answer 63

prohibit sex discrimination in any federally funded education program or activity.

Question 64

The Supreme Court case of Roe v. Wade declared state laws prohibiting abortion were unconstitutional because they

Answer 64

violated a woman’s constitutional right to privacy in her ownperson.

Question 65

The proposed Equal Rights Amendment (ERA), passed by Congress in 1972 and eventually ratified by 35 states, stated the following:

Answer 65

“Equal access to the courts of the United States and any state shall not be abridged on account of race, gender, or physical handicap”

Question 66

The Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) failed to be ratified by the needed 38 states largely because

Answer 66

an antifeminist backlash led by Phyllis Schlafly stirred sufficient opposition to stop it

Question 67

The Supreme Court, in the Bakke case, held that

Answer 67

racial quotas were unconstitutional but race could be taken into account as one factor in college admission.

Question 68

American Indian activists brought attention to their cause in the 70s by seizing

Answer 68

Alcatraz Island and wounded knee, south dakota

Question 69

James Earl (Jimmy) Carter enjoyed considerable popularity when he won the presidency because

Answer 69

his emphasis on honesty contrasted with the corruptions of Watergate.

Question 70

The guiding principle pf President Carter’s foreign policy was…

Answer 70

human rights

Question 71

President jimmy Carter’s most spectacular foreign- policy achievement was the

Answer 71

Camp David agreement between Israel and Egypt

Question 72

President Carter believed that the fundamental problem of the America economy in the late 1970s was

Answer 72

U.S. dependence on foreign oil

Question 73

The most humiliating failure during the Iran hostage crisis came when…

Answer 73

President Carter’s attempted mission to rescue the hostages ended in disaster.

Question 74

The New Right movement that helped to elect Ronald Reagan was spearheaded by…

Answer 74

evangelical Christians

Question 75

In contrast to the Old Right, many New Right activists of the 80s were most concerned about

Answer 75

Cultural and social issues

Question 76

Ronald Reagan differed from Franklin D. Roosevelt in that Roosevelt…

Answer 76

branded big business as the enemy of the common man, while Reagan depicted big government as the foe.

Question 77

Despite his failure in the white house, president Jimmy Carter earned widespread admiration in his post-presidential years for his

Answer 77

humanitarian and human rights activities

Question 78

Ronald Reagan’s essential domestic goal as president was to

Answer 78

dismantle the welfare state and shrink the size of the federal government.

Question 79

Besides cutting the federal budget, Reagan’s other main domestic initiative when he took office was

Answer 79

cut taxes by about 25 percent.

Question 80

The first results of Reagan’s supply-side economics in 1982 were a (n)

Answer 80

Sharp recession and rise in unemployment

Question 81

In the 1980s, for the first time in the twentieth century

Answer 81

income gaps widened between the riches and the poorest Americans

Question 82

To President Reagan, “the focus of evil in the modern world” was

Answer 82

the Soviet Union

Question 83

Who was the first woman to receive the vice-presidential nomination of a major political party?

Answer 83

Geraldine Ferraro

Question 84

The Iran-Contra Affair essentially involved

Answer 84

selling arms to Iran in exchange for hostages and using the profits to illegally fund the Nicaraguan Contras.

Question 85

Ronald Reagan’s highest political objective as president was

Answer 85

the containment and then shrinkage of the welfare state.

Question 86

The Democrat’s hopes for the 1988 election rose sharply because of major scandals in the Reagan administration involving

Answer 86

the Iran-Contra affair and savings-and-loan banks.

Question 87

In response to the collapse of the Soviet Union, President George Bush called for a “new world order” where

Answer 87

democracy would reign supreme and diplomacy would replace weaponry.

Question 88

The result of the Persian Gulf War was that

Answer 88

Kuwait was liberated but Saddam Hussein stayed in power.