APUSH - Ch. 38-40 Test Answers? Flashcards
When he became attorney general, what did Robert Kennedy refocus the attention of the FBI on?
organized crime and civil rights.
When he took office in 1961, how did President Kennedy chose to try to stimulate the sluggish economy?
a tax cut
John F. Kennedy’s strategy of “flexible response”
called for a variety of military options that could be matched to the scope and importance of a crisis.
While it seemed sane enough, John F. Kennedy’s doctrine of flexible response contained some lethal logic that
potentially lowered the level at which diplomacy would give way to shooting.
American military forces entered Vietnam in order to
prevent Ngo Dinh Diem’s regime from falling to the communists.
The Alliance for Progress was intended to improve the level of economic well-being in
Latin America
Why did the Bay of Pigs invasion fail? (Page 978)
Kennedy did not bring in air support ?
When the Soviet Union attempted to install nuclear weapons in Cuba,
a naval quarantine of that island
The Cuban missile crisis resulted in all of the following (4)
the removal of Nikita Khrushchev from power in the Soviet Union
a U.S. promise not to invade Cuba
an ambitious program of military expansion by the Soviet Union
withdrawal of U.S. missiles in Turkey
In a speech at American University in 1963, President Kennedy recommended the adoption of a policy toward the Soviet Union based on
peaceful coexistence.
At first, John F. Kennedy moved very slowly in the area of racial justice because he
needed the support of southern legislators to pass his economic and social legislation.
John Kennedy joined hands with the civil rights movement when he
sent federal marshals to protect the Freedom Riders.
President Kennedy ordered hundreds of federal marshals and thousands of federal troops to force the racial integration of
the University of Mississippi.
At the time of his death, President John Kennedy’s civil rights bill
was locked in a filibuster in the U.S. Senate.
President Johnson proved to be much more successful than President Kennedy at
working with Congress
President Johnson called his package of domestic reform proposals the
Great Society
With the passage of the Tonkin Gulf Resolution,
Congress handed the president a blank check to use further force in Vietnam.
All of the following programs were created by Lyndon Johnson’s
administration (4)
the National Endowment for the Arts and the Humanities
Project Head Start
Medicare
Office of Economic Opportunity
In the final analysis, Lyndon Johnson’s Great Society programs
won some noteworthy battles in education and health care.
The landmark Civil Rights Act of 1964 accomplished all of the following (4)
creation of the Equal Employment opportunity commission
prohibiting discrimination based on gender
banning sexual as well as racial discrimination
banning racial discrimination in most private facilities open to the public
As a result of the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965,
sources of immigration shifted to Latin America and Asia.
Beginning in 1964, the chief goal of the black civil rights movement in the South was to
secure the right to vote.
As a result of the Voting Rights Act of 1965,
white southerners began to court black votes.
The Watts riot in 1965 symbolized
the more militant and confrontational phase of the civil rights movement.
Black leaders in the 1960s included , an advocate of peaceable resistance; , who favored black separatism; and , an advocate of “Black Power.”
Martin Luther King, Jr.; Malcolm X; Stokely Carmichael
By the late 1960s, Black Power advocates in the North focused their attention primarily on
economic demands
Where did Lyndon Johnson send 25,000 American troops to counteract alleged communist influence?
Dominical Republic
The most serious blow to Lyndon Johnson’s Vietnam policy
was the Tet offensive of 1968.
During the Vietnam War, President Lyndon Johnson ordered the CIA, in clear violation of its charter, to
spy on domestic antiwar protestors.
The 1968 Democratic party convention witnessed
a police riot against antiwar demonstrators outside the convention hall.
The third-party candidate for president in 1968 was
George Wallace
Both major-party presidential candidates in 1968 agreed that the United States should
continue the war in pursuit of an “honorable peace.”
The skepticism about authority that emerged in the United States during the 1960s
had deep historical roots in American culture.
The site of the first major militant protest on behalf of gay liberation in 1969 was
the Stonewall Inn (New York City).
Lyndon Johnson’s insistence on fighting the Vietnam War and funding the Great Society with a tax increase to pay for them led to
a drastic inflation of prices in the 1970s.
The poor economic performance of the I970s brought an abrupt end to
the liberal dream that affluent American could spend its way to social justice.
The Nixon Doctrine proclaimed that the United States would
honor its existing defense commitment, but that in the future its allies would have to fight their own wars without large numbers of American troops.
Despite his political skills and foreign policy knowledge, Richard Nixon harbored deep and bitter resentments against
the liberal establishment that had fought him throughout his career.
Perhaps Richard Nixon’s most valuable asset as he began the presidency in 1969 was his
expertise in foreign affairs.
President Nixon’s policy of Vietnamization of the war in Vietnam called for
a gradual handover of the ground war to the South Vietnamese
Richard Nixon’s Vietnam policy included all of the following
Vietnamization
extension of the war to Cambodia
massive bombing campaigns in Vietnam
creating a draft lottery and reducing draft calls
As a result of Richard Nixon;s aerial bombing of neutral Cambodia in 1973
The Cambodian economy was ruined and its policies revolutionized.
The ….. Amendment …. the voting age to ….
Twenty-Sixth; lowered; eighteen
The top-secret Pentagon Papers, leaked and published in 1971
exposed the deception that had led the United States into the Vietnam War
President Nixon’s chief foreign policy adviser, throughout his administration, was
Henry Kissinger
Richard Nixon’s policy of detente
ushered in an era of relaxed tensions between the United States and the two leading communist powers, China and Soviet Union
The Nixon administration still reflected a staunch anticommunist policy when it engaged in covert operations to overthrow the elected leftist government of
Chile
In Griswold v. Connecticut, the Supreme Court upheld a married couple’s right to use contraceptives based on
a right to privacy.
The Supreme Court’s Miranda and Escobendo decisions came under sharp attack from many conservatives because they
guaranteed the rights of criminal suspects against mistreatment by the police.
The Supreme Court, under Chief Justice Earl Warren, outraged religious conservatives in 1962-1963 when it…
ruled that prayer and Bible reading in public school violated the First Amendment.
When it came to welfare programs, Richard Nixon
supported significant expansion in many areas.
The Environmental Protection Agency and the Occupational Safety and health Administration aroused bitter opposition among many business people because
They directly involved the federal government in many aspects of business decision making.
Richard Nixon’s southern strategy included the policy of
soft-pedaling civil rights an opposing school busing to achieve racial balance.
As a presidential candidate, South Dakota Senator George McGovern appealed most strongly to the
antiwar movement
The 1973 War Powers Act
required the president to report to congress any commitments of American troops.
America’s strong support for Israel in the 1973 Arab-Israeli War led to
an OPEC oil boycott of the United States and a subsequent energy crisis and recession.
The list of Nixon illegal administration activities uncovered in the watergate scandal included all of the following (4)
forging documents to discredit Democrats
using the internal Revenue Service to harass its enemies
breaking into the Democratic party Headquarters in order to bug them
using the FBI and CIA to cover up previous crimes
Richard Nixon tried to resist giving his taped conversations to the special prosecutor and the Congress by claiming that
he had executive privilege (confidentiality).
Congressman Gerlad Ford had become the VP of the United States when
Spiro Agnew resigned on corruption charged and Nixon appointed Ford under the 25th Amendment.
The most controversial action of Gerald Ford’s presidency was
pardoning Nixon for any known or unknown crimes he had committed while president.
When the North Vietnamese launched a full scale invasion of South Vietnam in 1975,
the South Vietnamese government quickly collapsed
While most of the social movements born in the 1960s declined or disappeared, one that continued and gained even greater momentum in the 1970s was the
feminist movement
Title IX was passed by Congress in 1972 to
prohibit sex discrimination in any federally funded education program or activity.
The Supreme Court case of Roe v. Wade declared state laws prohibiting abortion were unconstitutional because they
violated a woman’s constitutional right to privacy in her ownperson.
The proposed Equal Rights Amendment (ERA), passed by Congress in 1972 and eventually ratified by 35 states, stated the following:
“Equal access to the courts of the United States and any state shall not be abridged on account of race, gender, or physical handicap”
The Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) failed to be ratified by the needed 38 states largely because
an antifeminist backlash led by Phyllis Schlafly stirred sufficient opposition to stop it
The Supreme Court, in the Bakke case, held that
racial quotas were unconstitutional but race could be taken into account as one factor in college admission.
American Indian activists brought attention to their cause in the 70s by seizing
Alcatraz Island and wounded knee, south dakota
James Earl (Jimmy) Carter enjoyed considerable popularity when he won the presidency because
his emphasis on honesty contrasted with the corruptions of Watergate.
The guiding principle pf President Carter’s foreign policy was…
human rights
President jimmy Carter’s most spectacular foreign- policy achievement was the
Camp David agreement between Israel and Egypt
President Carter believed that the fundamental problem of the America economy in the late 1970s was
U.S. dependence on foreign oil
The most humiliating failure during the Iran hostage crisis came when…
President Carter’s attempted mission to rescue the hostages ended in disaster.
The New Right movement that helped to elect Ronald Reagan was spearheaded by…
evangelical Christians
In contrast to the Old Right, many New Right activists of the 80s were most concerned about
Cultural and social issues
Ronald Reagan differed from Franklin D. Roosevelt in that Roosevelt…
branded big business as the enemy of the common man, while Reagan depicted big government as the foe.
Despite his failure in the white house, president Jimmy Carter earned widespread admiration in his post-presidential years for his
humanitarian and human rights activities
Ronald Reagan’s essential domestic goal as president was to
dismantle the welfare state and shrink the size of the federal government.
Besides cutting the federal budget, Reagan’s other main domestic initiative when he took office was
cut taxes by about 25 percent.
The first results of Reagan’s supply-side economics in 1982 were a (n)
Sharp recession and rise in unemployment
In the 1980s, for the first time in the twentieth century
income gaps widened between the riches and the poorest Americans
To President Reagan, “the focus of evil in the modern world” was
the Soviet Union
Who was the first woman to receive the vice-presidential nomination of a major political party?
Geraldine Ferraro
The Iran-Contra Affair essentially involved
selling arms to Iran in exchange for hostages and using the profits to illegally fund the Nicaraguan Contras.
Ronald Reagan’s highest political objective as president was
the containment and then shrinkage of the welfare state.
The Democrat’s hopes for the 1988 election rose sharply because of major scandals in the Reagan administration involving
the Iran-Contra affair and savings-and-loan banks.
In response to the collapse of the Soviet Union, President George Bush called for a “new world order” where
democracy would reign supreme and diplomacy would replace weaponry.
The result of the Persian Gulf War was that
Kuwait was liberated but Saddam Hussein stayed in power.
