Child Development: Pregnancy and Childbirth Flashcards
zygote
fertilized egg
ectopic pregnancy
when the zygote stays in the fallopian tube
lightening
when the baby moves down into the mother’s pelvis
quickening
feeling of the baby moving within the mother’s stomach like a “flutter”
how does a baby develop during prenatal development?
from a single cell into a complex being
function of uterus
to hold the baby during pregnancy
aka the womb
function of the placenta
to give the baby food and oxygen
function of the umbilical cord?
brings nourishment to the baby and takes waste products away
function of amniotic fluid
it protects the developing baby
what does the cervix do during labor?
it dilates (to 10cm or 4in) to allow the baby’s passage down to the birth canal
first stage of prenatal development?
how long does it last?
what happens? (3)
period of the zygote
2 weeks
- zygote travels down the fallopian tube and attaches to the lining of the uterus
- develops by cell division
- zygote grows to the size of a pinhead
what will happen during an ectopic pregnancy? (3)
the zygote will stay in the fallopian tube
the zygote will die
the fallopian tube is either cut out, or it will explode
what is the second stage of prenatal development?
how long does it last?
what happens? (4)
the period of the embryo
from the 3rd - 8th week of pregnancy
- major organs form and develop
- the doctor will be able to hear the baby’s heartbeat with a fetal monitor *
- amniotic fluid forms around the embryo, which protects and cushions the baby
- the placenta develops and is rich in blood vessels
what is the third stage of prenatal development?
how long does it last?
what happens? (4)
period of the fetus
from the 8th week - birth
- everything is growing and developing
- quickening occurs around the 4th/5th month*
- the mother experiences lightening by the 9th month
- baby is ready to be born after 40 weeks or starting from the last day of your last period
when is the fetus able to live outside of the womb?
by the 7th month
what is the baby protected from in the womb?
amniotic fluid
lanuga
vernix caseosa
how many chromosomes does a normal human being contain?
23 chromosomes
how is the sex of the baby determined?
by the male’s sperm
what chromosomes do the women contain?
the men?
women - xx
men - xy
difference b/t fraternal and identical twins
fraternal - 4
identical - 4
fraternal = 2 eggs, both fertilized; not identical, can be either gender though
identical = egg splits in half and grow into separate embryo; same sex and gender
why would a couple be unable to have a baby? (3)
not ovulating
male doesn’t have enough sperm
not the right environment for the sperm to swim to the egg
options for infertile couples? (5)
adoption
artificial insemination
in-vitro fertilization (test-tube babies)
ovum transfer
surrogate mother
what is artificial insemination
when sperm is injected into a woman’s uterus with a syringe
what is in vitro fertilization (test tube baby)
where the egg is removed and fertilized with sperm in a petri dish and then implanted into the uterus
what is an ovum transfer?
a fertilized egg is given from a donor and is implanted into an infertile woman’s womb
what is a surrogate mother
another women who is hired to carry and deliver the baby
what are some common indications of pregnancy (6)
nausea
missed period
abdomen aches / cramps
drowsiness, feeling of faintness
frequent urination
breast tenderness
what is an obstetrician?
a doctor who specializes in pregnancy and birth
what is a pediatrician?
a person who specializes in delivering babies
how long can an unfertilized egg survive for?
up to 24 hours
what happens to the egg if it isn’t fertilized in time?
it is flushed out with the menstrual flow
what does the uterus muscle do during labor?
it contracts
what is the colostrum?
the first milk to be released from the breast
what are fontanels?
open spaces in a baby’s skull where the bones don’t join before birth
what is a baby with special needs?
premature
what is the grasp reflex
automatic responses of the baby’s hands (reflexes)
a woman is experiencing a fake labor when…
the contractions are rhythmic
when does the actual delivery of the baby take place?
during the 2nd stage
signs of complications during pregnancy are… (9)
vaginal bleeding
unusual weight gain
excessive thirst
reduced / painful urination
persistent headaches
vomiting
fever
swelling of face and hands
blurred vision or dizziness
food pyramid:
dairy products = 3
meat = 2-3 servings
vegetables = 3-5 servings
fruit = 2-4 servings
grain = 6-11 servings
about how much weight should a pregnant woman gain?
24-30 lbs.
what are the risks of the baby weighing too little
fetal death
premature birth
maternity leave =
paternity leave =
a mother’s time off from work to take care of her kid
a father’s time off from work to take care of his kid
advantages of breastfeeding? (5)
best source of nutrition for the baby
gives some immunity against diseases
creates a bond through the physical contact
can increase brain development
reduces risk of allergies
disadvantages of breastfeeding? (4)
prevents father from participating
baby has to be fed more often
may be painful or uncomfortable
can be difficult due to the work schedule
advantages of bottle feeding (4)
allows father to participate
allows mother to have a more flexible schedule
eliminates mother’s worries about diets or medication
babies need feeding less
disadvantages of bottle feeding (4)
can be expensive
doesn’t give any immunity against diseases
increased chance for a baby with allergies
creates a distant physical bond with parents
what is a full term baby?
a baby who stayed in the womb for 40 weeks
define meconium
when the baby has had a bowel movement in the sac and is under stress
what is a Bloody Show?
the mucus plug, which blocks the cervical opening to prevent entrance of germs into the uterus
first stage of labor?
what happens? (2)
the Effacement of the Cervix
- where the cervix gets thinner and shorter
- if wanted, the mother can get an epidural or an aesthetic to dull the pain
second stage of labor?
what happens? (3)
the actual birth
- the baby travels 4inches down through the birth canal
- mother pushes during contractions so she doesn’t rip her vagina
- labor can last for 10 hours, more or less.
what is an episiotomy?
a surgical cut made at the opening of the vagina at during childbirth to help with difficult deliveries and to prevent ripping tissues
what are forceps?
suction, used in case the mother is too worn out to continue, or if the baby is stuck
what is crowning?
when the head of the fetus shows at the vaginal opening
what are fontanels?
open spaces in the bones of the baby’s head, which allow the baby’s skull to come together during birth (molding)
third stage of labor?
what happens? (3)
delivery of the “afterbirth”
- the uterus contracts and expels the “afterbirth”
- the “afterbirth” consists of the placenta, the amniotic sac, and the umbilical cord
- this stage takes minutes to complete
what is done to the newborn baby immediately after birth? (4)
- doctors suck out the fluid from the mouth and nose with a bulb syringe
- the umbilical cord is clamped and cut
- baby is cleaned up with a towel
- doctors put antiseptic solution into the baby’s eyes
what does the APGAR score rate? (5)
when is the APGAR score taken?
heart rate
respiratory effort
muscle tone
reflex irritability
color
1 minute after, then 5 minutes after
reflexes of a newborn? (3)
grasp
startle
rooting - turns head to “look” for food
some characteristics of a newborn? (6)
blue eyes
blotchy skin
fair skin
ears plugged
cone shaped head
crying w/o tears
some facts about Uganda pregnancies? (4)
- woman bring their own shit or they don’t get medical attention
- they drink coke b/c they think it’ll get rid of the cramps
- they don’t have a reaction when the baby is born
- woman live for breeding children
