Child Development: Pregnancy and Childbirth

Question 1

zygote

Answer 1

fertilized egg

Question 2

ectopic pregnancy

Answer 2

when the zygote stays in the fallopian tube

Question 3

lightening

Answer 3

when the baby moves down into the mother’s pelvis

Question 4

quickening

Answer 4

feeling of the baby moving within the mother’s stomach like a “flutter”

Question 5

how does a baby develop during prenatal development?

Answer 5

from a single cell into a complex being

Question 6

function of uterus

Answer 6

to hold the baby during pregnancy

aka the womb

Question 7

function of the placenta

Answer 7

to give the baby food and oxygen

Question 8

function of the umbilical cord?

Answer 8

brings nourishment to the baby and takes waste products away

Question 9

function of amniotic fluid

Answer 9

it protects the developing baby

Question 10

what does the cervix do during labor?

Answer 10

it dilates (to 10cm or 4in) to allow the baby’s passage down to the birth canal

Question 11

first stage of prenatal development?

how long does it last?

what happens? (3)

Answer 11

period of the zygote

2 weeks

1. zygote travels down the fallopian tube and attaches to the lining of the uterus
2. develops by cell division
3. zygote grows to the size of a pinhead

Question 12

what will happen during an ectopic pregnancy? (3)

Answer 12

the zygote will stay in the fallopian tube

the zygote will die

the fallopian tube is either cut out, or it will explode

Question 13

what is the second stage of prenatal development?

how long does it last?

what happens? (4)

Answer 13

the period of the embryo

from the 3rd - 8th week of pregnancy

1. major organs form and develop
2. the doctor will be able to hear the baby’s heartbeat with a fetal monitor *
3. amniotic fluid forms around the embryo, which protects and cushions the baby
4. the placenta develops and is rich in blood vessels

Question 14

what is the third stage of prenatal development?

how long does it last?

what happens? (4)

Answer 14

period of the fetus

from the 8th week - birth

1. everything is growing and developing
2. quickening occurs around the 4th/5th month*
3. the mother experiences lightening by the 9th month
4. baby is ready to be born after 40 weeks or starting from the last day of your last period

Question 15

when is the fetus able to live outside of the womb?

Answer 15

by the 7th month

Question 16

what is the baby protected from in the womb?

Answer 16

amniotic fluid

lanuga

vernix caseosa

Question 17

how many chromosomes does a normal human being contain?

Answer 17

23 chromosomes

Question 18

how is the sex of the baby determined?

Answer 18

by the male’s sperm

Question 19

what chromosomes do the women contain?

the men?

Answer 19

women - xx

men - xy

Question 20

difference b/t fraternal and identical twins

fraternal - 4

identical - 4

Answer 20

fraternal = 2 eggs, both fertilized; not identical, can be either gender though

identical = egg splits in half and grow into separate embryo; same sex and gender

Question 21

why would a couple be unable to have a baby? (3)

Answer 21

not ovulating

male doesn’t have enough sperm

not the right environment for the sperm to swim to the egg

Question 22

options for infertile couples? (5)

Answer 22

adoption

artificial insemination

in-vitro fertilization (test-tube babies)

ovum transfer

surrogate mother

Question 23

what is artificial insemination

Answer 23

when sperm is injected into a woman’s uterus with a syringe

Question 24

what is in vitro fertilization (test tube baby)

Answer 24

where the egg is removed and fertilized with sperm in a petri dish and then implanted into the uterus

Question 25

what is an ovum transfer?

Answer 25

a fertilized egg is given from a donor and is implanted into an infertile woman's womb

Question 26

what is a surrogate mother

Answer 26

another women who is hired to carry and deliver the baby

Question 27

what are some common indications of pregnancy (6)

Answer 27

nausea missed period abdomen aches / cramps drowsiness, feeling of faintness frequent urination breast tenderness

Question 28

what is an obstetrician?

Answer 28

a doctor who specializes in pregnancy and birth

Question 29

what is a pediatrician?

Answer 29

a person who specializes in delivering babies

Question 30

how long can an unfertilized egg survive for?

Answer 30

up to 24 hours

Question 31

what happens to the egg if it isn't fertilized in time?

Answer 31

it is flushed out with the menstrual flow

Question 32

what does the uterus muscle do during labor?

Answer 32

it contracts

Question 32

what is the colostrum?

Answer 32

the first milk to be released from the breast

Question 33

what are fontanels?

Answer 33

open spaces in a baby's skull where the bones don't join before birth

Question 33

what is a baby with special needs?

Answer 33

premature

Question 34

what is the grasp reflex

Answer 34

automatic responses of the baby's hands (reflexes)

Question 35

a woman is experiencing a fake labor when...

Answer 35

the contractions are rhythmic

Question 36

when does the actual delivery of the baby take place?

Answer 36

during the 2nd stage

Question 37

signs of complications during pregnancy are... (9)

Answer 37

vaginal bleeding unusual weight gain excessive thirst reduced / painful urination persistent headaches vomiting fever swelling of face and hands blurred vision or dizziness

Question 38

food pyramid:

Answer 38

dairy products = 3 meat = 2-3 servings vegetables = 3-5 servings fruit = 2-4 servings grain = 6-11 servings

Question 39

about how much weight should a pregnant woman gain?

Answer 39

24-30 lbs.

Question 40

what are the risks of the baby weighing too little

Answer 40

fetal death premature birth

Question 41

maternity leave = paternity leave =

Answer 41

a mother's time off from work to take care of her kid a father's time off from work to take care of his kid

Question 42

advantages of breastfeeding? (5)

Answer 42

best source of nutrition for the baby gives some immunity against diseases creates a bond through the physical contact can increase brain development reduces risk of allergies

Question 43

disadvantages of breastfeeding? (4)

Answer 43

prevents father from participating baby has to be fed more often may be painful or uncomfortable can be difficult due to the work schedule

Question 44

advantages of bottle feeding (4)

Answer 44

allows father to participate allows mother to have a more flexible schedule eliminates mother's worries about diets or medication babies need feeding less

Question 45

disadvantages of bottle feeding (4)

Answer 45

can be expensive doesn't give any immunity against diseases increased chance for a baby with allergies creates a distant physical bond with parents

Question 46

what is a full term baby?

Answer 46

a baby who stayed in the womb for 40 weeks

Question 47

define meconium

Answer 47

when the baby has had a bowel movement in the sac and is under stress

Question 48

what is a Bloody Show?

Answer 48

the mucus plug, which blocks the cervical opening to prevent entrance of germs into the uterus

Question 49

first stage of labor? what happens? (2)

Answer 49

the Effacement of the Cervix 1. where the cervix gets thinner and shorter 2. if wanted, the mother can get an epidural or an aesthetic to dull the pain

Question 50

second stage of labor? what happens? (3)

Answer 50

the actual birth 1. the baby travels 4inches down through the birth canal 2. mother pushes during contractions so she doesn't rip her vagina 3. labor can last for 10 hours, more or less.

Question 51

what is an episiotomy?

Answer 51

a surgical cut made at the opening of the vagina at during childbirth to help with difficult deliveries and to prevent ripping tissues

Question 52

what are forceps?

Answer 52

suction, used in case the mother is too worn out to continue, or if the baby is stuck

Question 53

what is crowning?

Answer 53

when the head of the fetus shows at the vaginal opening

Question 54

what are fontanels?

Answer 54

open spaces in the bones of the baby's head, which allow the baby's skull to come together during birth (molding)

Question 55

third stage of labor? what happens? (3)

Answer 55

delivery of the "afterbirth" 1. the uterus contracts and expels the "afterbirth" 2. the "afterbirth" consists of the placenta, the amniotic sac, and the umbilical cord 3. this stage takes minutes to complete

Question 56

what is done to the newborn baby immediately after birth? (4)

Answer 56

1. doctors suck out the fluid from the mouth and nose with a bulb syringe 2. the umbilical cord is clamped and cut 3. baby is cleaned up with a towel 4. doctors put antiseptic solution into the baby's eyes

Question 57

what does the APGAR score rate? (5) when is the APGAR score taken?

Answer 57

heart rate respiratory effort muscle tone reflex irritability color 1 minute after, then 5 minutes after

Question 58

reflexes of a newborn? (3)

Answer 58

grasp startle rooting - turns head to "look" for food

Question 59

some characteristics of a newborn? (6)

Answer 59

blue eyes blotchy skin fair skin ears plugged cone shaped head crying w/o tears

Question 60

some facts about Uganda pregnancies? (4)

Answer 60

1. woman bring their own shit or they don't get medical attention 2. they drink coke b/c they think it'll get rid of the cramps 3. they don't have a reaction when the baby is born 4. woman live for breeding children