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School > Child Development: Pregnancy and Childbirth > Flashcards

Child Development: Pregnancy and Childbirth Flashcards

1
Q

zygote

A

fertilized egg

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2
Q

ectopic pregnancy

A

when the zygote stays in the fallopian tube

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3
Q

lightening

A

when the baby moves down into the mother’s pelvis

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4
Q

quickening

A

feeling of the baby moving within the mother’s stomach like a “flutter”

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5
Q

how does a baby develop during prenatal development?

A

from a single cell into a complex being

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6
Q

function of uterus

A

to hold the baby during pregnancy

aka the womb

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7
Q

function of the placenta

A

to give the baby food and oxygen

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8
Q

function of the umbilical cord?

A

brings nourishment to the baby and takes waste products away

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9
Q

function of amniotic fluid

A

it protects the developing baby

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10
Q

what does the cervix do during labor?

A

it dilates (to 10cm or 4in) to allow the baby’s passage down to the birth canal

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11
Q

first stage of prenatal development?

how long does it last?

what happens? (3)

A

period of the zygote

2 weeks

  1. zygote travels down the fallopian tube and attaches to the lining of the uterus
  2. develops by cell division
  3. zygote grows to the size of a pinhead
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12
Q

what will happen during an ectopic pregnancy? (3)

A

the zygote will stay in the fallopian tube

the zygote will die

the fallopian tube is either cut out, or it will explode

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13
Q

what is the second stage of prenatal development?

how long does it last?

what happens? (4)

A

the period of the embryo

from the 3rd - 8th week of pregnancy

  1. major organs form and develop
  2. the doctor will be able to hear the baby’s heartbeat with a fetal monitor *
  3. amniotic fluid forms around the embryo, which protects and cushions the baby
  4. the placenta develops and is rich in blood vessels
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14
Q

what is the third stage of prenatal development?

how long does it last?

what happens? (4)

A

period of the fetus

from the 8th week - birth

  1. everything is growing and developing
  2. quickening occurs around the 4th/5th month*
  3. the mother experiences lightening by the 9th month
  4. baby is ready to be born after 40 weeks or starting from the last day of your last period
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15
Q

when is the fetus able to live outside of the womb?

A

by the 7th month

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16
Q

what is the baby protected from in the womb?

A

amniotic fluid

lanuga

vernix caseosa

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17
Q

how many chromosomes does a normal human being contain?

A

23 chromosomes

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18
Q

how is the sex of the baby determined?

A

by the male’s sperm

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19
Q

what chromosomes do the women contain?

the men?

A

women - xx

men - xy

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20
Q

difference b/t fraternal and identical twins

fraternal - 4

identical - 4

A

fraternal = 2 eggs, both fertilized; not identical, can be either gender though

identical = egg splits in half and grow into separate embryo; same sex and gender

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21
Q

why would a couple be unable to have a baby? (3)

A

not ovulating

male doesn’t have enough sperm

not the right environment for the sperm to swim to the egg

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22
Q

options for infertile couples? (5)

A

adoption

artificial insemination

in-vitro fertilization (test-tube babies)

ovum transfer

surrogate mother

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23
Q

what is artificial insemination

A

when sperm is injected into a woman’s uterus with a syringe

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24
Q

what is in vitro fertilization (test tube baby)

A

where the egg is removed and fertilized with sperm in a petri dish and then implanted into the uterus

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25
Q

what is an ovum transfer?

A

a fertilized egg is given from a donor and is implanted into an infertile woman’s womb

26
Q

what is a surrogate mother

A

another women who is hired to carry and deliver the baby

27
Q

what are some common indications of pregnancy (6)

A

nausea

missed period

abdomen aches / cramps

drowsiness, feeling of faintness

frequent urination

breast tenderness

28
Q

what is an obstetrician?

A

a doctor who specializes in pregnancy and birth

29
Q

what is a pediatrician?

A

a person who specializes in delivering babies

30
Q

how long can an unfertilized egg survive for?

A

up to 24 hours

31
Q

what happens to the egg if it isn’t fertilized in time?

A

it is flushed out with the menstrual flow

32
Q

what does the uterus muscle do during labor?

A

it contracts

32
Q

what is the colostrum?

A

the first milk to be released from the breast

33
Q

what are fontanels?

A

open spaces in a baby’s skull where the bones don’t join before birth

33
Q

what is a baby with special needs?

A

premature

34
Q

what is the grasp reflex

A

automatic responses of the baby’s hands (reflexes)

35
Q

a woman is experiencing a fake labor when…

A

the contractions are rhythmic

36
Q

when does the actual delivery of the baby take place?

A

during the 2nd stage

37
Q

signs of complications during pregnancy are… (9)

A

vaginal bleeding

unusual weight gain

excessive thirst

reduced / painful urination

persistent headaches

vomiting

fever

swelling of face and hands

blurred vision or dizziness

38
Q

food pyramid:

A

dairy products = 3

meat = 2-3 servings

vegetables = 3-5 servings

fruit = 2-4 servings

grain = 6-11 servings

39
Q

about how much weight should a pregnant woman gain?

A

24-30 lbs.

40
Q

what are the risks of the baby weighing too little

A

fetal death

premature birth

41
Q

maternity leave =

paternity leave =

A

a mother’s time off from work to take care of her kid

a father’s time off from work to take care of his kid

42
Q

advantages of breastfeeding? (5)

A

best source of nutrition for the baby

gives some immunity against diseases

creates a bond through the physical contact

can increase brain development

reduces risk of allergies

43
Q

disadvantages of breastfeeding? (4)

A

prevents father from participating

baby has to be fed more often

may be painful or uncomfortable

can be difficult due to the work schedule

44
Q

advantages of bottle feeding (4)

A

allows father to participate

allows mother to have a more flexible schedule

eliminates mother’s worries about diets or medication

babies need feeding less

45
Q

disadvantages of bottle feeding (4)

A

can be expensive

doesn’t give any immunity against diseases

increased chance for a baby with allergies

creates a distant physical bond with parents

46
Q

what is a full term baby?

A

a baby who stayed in the womb for 40 weeks

47
Q

define meconium

A

when the baby has had a bowel movement in the sac and is under stress

48
Q

what is a Bloody Show?

A

the mucus plug, which blocks the cervical opening to prevent entrance of germs into the uterus

49
Q

first stage of labor?

what happens? (2)

A

the Effacement of the Cervix

  1. where the cervix gets thinner and shorter
  2. if wanted, the mother can get an epidural or an aesthetic to dull the pain
50
Q

second stage of labor?

what happens? (3)

A

the actual birth

  1. the baby travels 4inches down through the birth canal
  2. mother pushes during contractions so she doesn’t rip her vagina
  3. labor can last for 10 hours, more or less.
51
Q

what is an episiotomy?

A

a surgical cut made at the opening of the vagina at during childbirth to help with difficult deliveries and to prevent ripping tissues

52
Q

what are forceps?

A

suction, used in case the mother is too worn out to continue, or if the baby is stuck

53
Q

what is crowning?

A

when the head of the fetus shows at the vaginal opening

54
Q

what are fontanels?

A

open spaces in the bones of the baby’s head, which allow the baby’s skull to come together during birth (molding)

55
Q

third stage of labor?

what happens? (3)

A

delivery of the “afterbirth”

  1. the uterus contracts and expels the “afterbirth”
  2. the “afterbirth” consists of the placenta, the amniotic sac, and the umbilical cord
  3. this stage takes minutes to complete
56
Q

what is done to the newborn baby immediately after birth? (4)

A
  1. doctors suck out the fluid from the mouth and nose with a bulb syringe
  2. the umbilical cord is clamped and cut
  3. baby is cleaned up with a towel
  4. doctors put antiseptic solution into the baby’s eyes
57
Q

what does the APGAR score rate? (5)

when is the APGAR score taken?

A

heart rate

respiratory effort

muscle tone

reflex irritability

color

1 minute after, then 5 minutes after

58
Q

reflexes of a newborn? (3)

A

grasp

startle

rooting - turns head to “look” for food

59
Q

some characteristics of a newborn? (6)

A

blue eyes

blotchy skin

fair skin

ears plugged

cone shaped head

crying w/o tears

60
Q

some facts about Uganda pregnancies? (4)

A
  1. woman bring their own shit or they don’t get medical attention
  2. they drink coke b/c they think it’ll get rid of the cramps
  3. they don’t have a reaction when the baby is born
  4. woman live for breeding children

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