Chem-The Periodic Table

Question 1

The periodic table of elements contains … and … information about every element that matter can be made of in the universe.

Answer 1

physical; chemical

Question 2

Mendeleev formulated the …, and was able to predict the existence of elements … and … and their … before they were discovered based on the existing patterns of known elements. His work preceded the discovery of subatomic particles

Answer 2

Periodic Law; 31; 32; approximate masses

Question 3

Mendeleev argued that elemental properties are periodic functions of their … We now know that element properties are periodic functions of their … Atoms are listed on the periodic table in rows, based on number of protons

Answer 3

atomic weights; atomic number

Question 4

the periodic table is made of rows and columns:
rows are called …
columns are called …, and are sometimes referred to as ..

Answer 4

periods; groups; families

Question 5

the periodic table can be divided into … and … A few elements retain some of the properties of metals and nonmetals, they are called …

Answer 5

metals; nonmetals; metalloids

Question 6

group 1 is … and are very …
group 2 is … and are …
groups 3-12 are … and have … (they are typical ones)
group 16 is the … family (elements of …)
group 17 … (highly …, …)
group 18 … (nearly …)

Answer 6

alkali metals; reactive; alkaline earth metals; reactive; transition metals; low reactivity; oxygen; fire; halogens; reactive; nonmetals; noble gases; inert

Question 7

the elements are arranged by groups with similar …

Answer 7

reactivity

Question 8

how an element reacts depends on how its … are …

we now know that elements in the same groups, with the same chemical properties have very similar …

Answer 8

electrons; arranged; electron configurations

Question 9

elements that did not react were labeled .. because they did not .. easily. when these were grouped together, periodically, they formed a pattern. we recognize that this difference in stability is due to …

Answer 9

stable; change; electron configurations

Question 10

elements of varying stability fall into one of 3 categories.: 
- ...  level
- ... sublevel (.., ..., ..., ...)
- .... sublevel (..., ...)
The most stable atoms have ....

Answer 10

full energy; full; s; p; d; f; half full; d; f; completely full energy levels

Question 11

there are basic exceptions in electron configurations in the … and … sublevels. For some elements, in order to exist in a more stable state, electrons from an .. sublevel will move to a .. sublevel, thus providing the stability of a … sublevel.

Answer 11

s; d; s; d; half-full

Question 12

because of how close the f and d orbitals are to the s orbitals, very little … is required to move an electron from the s orbital (leaving it …) to the f or d orbital, causing them to also be …

Answer 12

energy; half full; half full

Question 13

there are 4 main trends in the periodic table:
… of atoms
….
… energy
… character
these 4 periodic trends are all shaped by the interactions between the … charge of the … and the … charge of …

Answer 13

radius; electronegativity; ionization; metallic; positive; atomic nucleus; negative; electrons

Question 14

in a multi-electron atom, electrons are both attracted to the positive nucleus and repelled by other electrons. the … that an electron experiences depends on both factors For example, the valence electron of sodium is attracted to the positive nucleus but is repelled by the negative inner electrons

Answer 14

nuclear charge

Question 15

the inner shell electrons prevent the valence electrons from feeling the full attractive force of the positive protons. in other words, the inner electrons are … the valence electrons from the nucleus

Answer 15

shielding

Question 16

effective nuclear charge is the amount of … that the outer electron actually feels. The formula for effective nuclear charge is: ….

Answer 16

charge; Zeff = Z - S

Question 17

Z is the … and S is the …, the number of … that shields the valence electrons from the protons

Answer 17

atomic number; shielding constant; inner electrons

Question 18

elements in the same … will have the same shielding constant because their valence electrons are located in the same …

Answer 18

period; energy level

Question 19

the magnitude of the force between the protons in the nucleus and electrons in the orbitals can be calculated using …
F = …

Answer 19

Coulomb’s law; kQ1q2/ r^2

Question 20

atomic radius generally increases as we move … a group and from … to … across a period

Answer 20

down; right; left

Question 21

Across a period from left to right Zeff …

Down a group from top to bottom Zeff …

Answer 21

increases; remains the same

Question 22

Across a period, effective nuclear charge … while … remains the same. The force of attraction between the nucleus and valence electrons gets stronger. Valence electrons are pulled in tighter, so radius gets …

Answer 22

increases; energy level; smaller

Question 23

Down a group, effective nuclear charge … while the energy level … The increased distance from the nucleus to valence electrons makes the force of attraction … Electrons are not held as tightly, so radius gets …

Answer 23

remains the same; increases; decrease; larger