Chapters 12-13: Reconstruction & West Flashcards
emancipation proclamation
freed slaved men
freedman’s bureau
1865, helped freed men and southern refugees with basic need such as school, food, and clothing
3 plans for reconstruction
Lincolns, Wade-Davis, and Johnson
Lincoln’s plan:
forgiven if pledged to the Union, state can rejoin if 10% of voters took an oath of loyalty
Wade-Davis plan:
congress, majority of white male citizens had to take an oath of loyalty, and decreased possibility of revolt
Johnson plan:
wealthy southerners have to apply for pardons, no set percentage of loyalty, refusal to pay off Confederate debts, a-polish slavery, and repeal recession
pocket vote
put away for 10 days until it died
bill things
president signs and becomes law; if vetoed, process starts over again
Lincoln’s assassination:
John Wilkes Booth; 1865; Ford’s Theatre; plan to kill Vice President Andrew Johnson and SOS William Steward
Andrew Johnson
democrat, southerner, not popular in congress
black codes
designed to keep freed men in slave-like conditions; law enforcement supported and enforced such laws; only written down
Radical Republicans
reshape southern society fast for freed men to bring change quickly
Civil Rights Act
protect freed men from black codes
13th amendment
freed slaves
14th amendment
granted all citizenship to freed men and all males
15th amendment
prohibited state government from denying the right to vote based on race
Johnson’s impeachment
Edward Staton fired, and violated 10 year act, 1 vote impeached but kept him in office
scalawags
Southerners who supported the Union
carpetbaggers
Northerners who moved down south for the rebirth
Southern Homestead Act
law set aside 45 million airs of government owned land for free farms to freed men and farmers
sharecropping
employer provides everything
tenet farming
renting pieces of land for farming
croplein system
supplies sold on credit, legal claims on debtors property
enforcement act
protect the right of voting for freed men, setting heavy penalties for anyone who interjected
compromise of 1876
Rutherford B. Hayes and Samuel Tilden competed for president; Hayes won; independent replaced with republican; promised south to construct new railroads, control floods on the Mississippi, and removed federal troops
Plains Indians
different tribes; buffalo used for everything; white men wanted to kill off buffalo to move them
hunting trains
went to u=hunt buffalo, following until they reached a heard and shot at them
reservations
concentration camps for Indians
Sand Creek Massacre
Arapaho and Cheyenne; told to go to reservations; Black Kettle camped near Fort Lyon for believed government porection
Colonel Chivington
killed the Indians and Black Kettle escaped; led drunks and unemployed to attack; congress investigated and no punishment
Battle of Little Bighorn
June 25, 1876; Crazy Horse and Sitting Bull united in Montana; Colonel George A Custer led 3 columns to take Indians to reservations; 2,500 warriors; temporary victory for Sioux
Nez Perce
Oregon 1877; peaceful tribe, government forced onto reservations; young warriors killed; 4 white settlers; Canada; caught 40 miles out and surrendered; Chief Joseph
ghost dance
Wavoka, Paiute prophet; dance inspired spiritual awakening in dance is done with vests; chased white men away; buffalo prayed to come back; drank too much and had vision
Wounded Knee
Dec 29, 1890; troops led by James Forsyth; starving Sioux forced to turn in guns; gun went off and spiraled into gun fight; marked the end of major conflict for Indians and settlers
bureau of Indian affairs
erased indianship from Americanization; took children away, cut hair and clothes, only forced to speak English, Carlyle Indian Industrial School tried to beat out
Dawes act of 1887
required Indians to become landowners, become part of white civilization; eliminated most of tribal ownership; 160 acres to head of family; 80 acres to single orphan, 40 acres to independent child, gained full title in 25 years
Comstock load
Nevada gold mine, largest gold strike
Klondike gold rush
Yukon Territory, Canada, gold and silver, had to have a years worth of supplies
placer mining
allowed miners to pan for gold, but needed to dig
hydraulic
high pressure water
hard rock mining
cutting deep shafts in solid rock
prospectors
employees
cattle boom
Spanish forst ranchers, longhorns and sheep; meat demand in the East
Joseph McCoy
started Chisholm Trail from San Antonio to Abilene
Joseph Glidden
invented barbed wire
homestead act
160 acres to head of household over 21
pacific railroad
gave land to build railroad west
morrel act
land to states for building universities to do with agriculture and machine
Oklahoma land rush
1889; opened unassigned Indian land to settlers; 2 million acres
Union Pacific
Omaha, Nebraska; flat, civil war vets; west
central pacific
Sacramento, California; Chinese
promontory summit
Utah, May 18, 1869
exodusters
freed African American settlers migrating west
European settlers move
freedom of religion and identity
dugouts
homes built out of mud out of hillsides
James Oliver
invented the sharp edged bow
Cyrus McOrmic
the reaper, cuts down grains, 1847
national grange
first major farmers organization by Oliver Hudson Kelley, united famers
Munn vs. Illinois
state legislators right to regulate business involving public interest
Wabash vs. Illinois
federal government regulated railroad traffic
farmers alliance
practical equipment, needs, and lobbied banking
colored farmers alliance
advocated hard work and sacrifice in society
populist party
peoples party
populist party platform
supported national grange and alliance of farmers, labor leaders, and reformers
1892 election
populists took seats in office and congress
panic of 1893
depression, Cleveland focused on silver and cause of depression
Sherman Silver act
based on gold and silver
